Question

Find out cases where the sovereignty of the State has been challenged by nonstate actors.

Answer 1

Examples where the sovereignty of the State has been challenged by non-state actors include:

• Terrorist organisations: They may carry out violence across borders, destabilise governments and threaten the security of States. 
• Transnational criminal groups: Drug trafficking, human trafficking and organised crime networks operate across national borders and can weaken the authority of governments.
• Multinational and transnational corporations: Their economic power and ability to operate across countries can sometimes limit the effectiveness of national economic policies and influence domestic decision-making. 
• Other transnational organisations and networks: International NGOs and other cross-border actors may influence domestic policy and decision-making within States. 

Thus, in the age of globalisation, the State remains sovereign, but its authority may be challenged or influenced by powerful non-state actors operating across national boundaries.