Question

Explain the various components of ecosystem.

Answer 1

The ecosystem consists of three basic components:

1. Abiotic Components: These are the non-living physical and chemical factors in the environment, such as air, water, land, calcium, and iron.
2. Biotic Components: These are the living organisms in the ecosystem, including plants, animals and microorganisms. They are classified into:
   • Producers (Autotrophs): Organisms that prepare their own food, e.g., plants, algae and some bacteria.
   • Consumers (Heterotrophs): Organisms that depend directly or indirectly on producers for food.
   • Decomposers (Saprotrophs): Organisms that feed on dead and decaying plants and animals and decompose organic matter.
3. Energy Components: The Sun is the ultimate source of energy in the ecosystem. Energy flows through producers, consumers and decomposers, enabling all life processes.