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Question
Explain the main parts of the circulatory system.
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Solution
- In the circulatory system, Blood is circulated to transport oxygen and nutrients to every part of the body through the circulatory system.
- The circulatory system consists of the
- Heart:
a. The heart is a hollow, muscular organ conical in shape.
b. It is covered by a double walled pericardium membrane, filled with pericardial fluid.
c. This fluid protects the heart from shock.
d. Heart is placed inside the rib cage between the two lungs.
e. Heart has 4 chambers, the two upper chambers called auricles.
f. The two lower thicker chambers called ventricles.
g. The upper and lower chambers of the heart are separated by a muscular wall known as the auriculo-ventricular septum.
h. The right side of the heart receives de-oxygenated blood from various parts of the body and pumped to the lungs for oxygenation.
i. The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to different parts of the body. - Blood:
a. It transports nutrients’ oxygen, wastes, and hormones.
b. It regulates the water level and body
temperature.
c. Blood pumped throughout the body by the heart.
d. It takes oxygen to the tissues and cells from the lungs. - Blood vessels:
Blood vessels consist of arteries and veins. Arteries carry oxygenated blood except for pulmonary arteries which carry deoxygenated blood from the heart vein carries deoxygenated blood except for pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood to the heart.
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Given diagram is a schematic representation of the circulatory system in humans. Study the same and answer the questions that follow:
 |
- Label the parts 1 and 4 indicated in the diagram.
- Which of the above mentioned number is the thickest artery? Also write its name.
- Mention the number and chamber of the heart which has the thickest muscular wall.
- Which of the above numbers/structures has the maximum number of blood capillaries?
- Draw neat and labelled diagrams of the transverse section of vena cava and the part numbered as 3. Make sure to show the structural differences between these two in the diagram.
