Question

Explain any three principles of Directing.

Explain the principles of directing.

Answer 1

Directing as a function of management is quite complex. To help in the directing process, certain principles have been developed. The following are the principles of directing.

1. Maximum Individual Contribution: According to this principle, a manager should use such directing techniques that induce the workers to perform to the best of their capabilities. It should encourage the workers to work towards the goals of the organisation. That is, each individual should contribute the maximum towards the organisational goals. For example, suitable incentive and motivation techniques can be used by the managers to urge the employees to perform better.

2. Harmony of Objectives: Often the objectives of an individual diverge from the overall organisational objectives. For example, an individual’s focus may be on earning greater income while the organisation aims at increasing the production. In such a case, directing should work towards converging the individual goals with the goals of the organisation.

3. Unity of Command: As per this principle, an individual should receive commands and instructions from only one superior. If a worker receives orders from more than one superior, it creates confusion and clashes that leads to delay in the work. For example, the worker might get confused whose order to follow. Moreover, it might also happen that a conflict is created between the two superiors. 

4. Appropriate techniques: Managers should utilise appropriate strategies to achieve effective direction. Techniques should be appropriate for the superior, subordinates, and situation.
5. Direct supervision: involves direct human interaction between a superior and subordinates, which improves its effectiveness. Direct touch boosts employee morale and dedication. Use direct supervision wherever possible.
6. Strategic use of informal organisation: Management should leverage informal groupings to establish formal partnerships. This increases the effectiveness of direction. 
7. Managerial communication: Effective communication between managers and subordinates promotes mutual understanding. Effective upward communication helps managers understand their subordinates and allows them to communicate their feelings.
8. Comprehension: Simply communicating orders and instructions is not enough. Managers should ensure subordinates have a clear understanding of their responsibilities, including timing and methods. This will prevent unneeded questions and explanations.
9. Effective leadership: It requires managers to guide their colleagues without causing dissatisfaction. Leaders should guide and coach their subordinates on personal issues. This builds confidence and trust among subordinates.
10. Principle of follow through: Directing is a constant process. After issuing orders and instructions, managers should assess their subordinates' performance and identify any issues they may be facing. He should adjust his orders based on these facts.