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Question
Enumerate the role of kidney as an endocrine gland.
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Solution
- The kidney is a partial endocrine gland. The kidney secretes hormones such as renin, erythropoietin, and calcitriol.
- Renin is secreted by Juxtaglomerular cells (JG) which increase blood pressure when angiotensin is formed in blood.
- Erythropoietin is also secreted by JGA cells of the kidney and stimulates the formation of RBC in the bone marrow known as erythropoiesis.
- Calcitriol is secreted by proximal tubules of the nephron, it is an active form of vitamin D3 which promotes calcium and phosphorus absorption from the intestine and accelerates bone formation.
RELATED QUESTIONS
Define Endocrine gland
| Hormones | Target gland |
| Melanotrophin (MSH | ______ |
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The glands – thyroid, adrenal, pituitary, prostate
…………………………………………
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Fill in the Blanks:
______ is called father of endocrinology.
Place the words at the bottom of the page next to the number that shows the location of the Endocrine Glands.
(1) ________
(2) ________
(3) ________
(4) ________
(5) ________
(6) ________
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Pancreas Hypothalamus Pituitary Parathyroid Ovaries Adrenal Thyroid Thymus Testes
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Choose the Odd One Out
Choose the Odd One Out
Column ‘II’ is a list of items related to ideas in Column ‘I’. Match the term in Column ‘II’ with a suitable idea given in Column ‘I’.
| Column A | Column B |
| (i) Pituitary | (a) produces male sex characteristics |
| (ii) Ovaries | (b) decreases blood sugar level |
| (iii) Thyroid | (c) increases heart and breathing rate raises blood pressure |
| (iv) Thymus | (d) produces female sex characteristics |
| (v) Adrenals | (e) is known as emergency hormone |
| (vi) Hypothalamus | (f) regulates the level of calcium and phosphorus |
| (vii) Pancreas | (g) increases the rate of metabolism |
| (viii) Testes | (h) maintains the level of calcium |
| (ix) Parathyroid | regulates the amount of water excreted in the urine. |
| (x) Cretinism | (j) simulates skeletal growth |
| (xi) Diabetes mellitus | (k) regulates the activities of other glands |
| (xii) Insulin shock | (l) stimulates the development of male and female sex organs |
| (xiii) Gigantism | (m) Shortage of glucose in the blood. |
| (xiv) Enlargement of breasts in adult males | (n) Over-secretion of growth hormone |
| (xv) Exophthalmic goiter | (o) Excess of glucose in the blood |
| (xvi) Acromegaly | (p) Over-secretion of thyroxin |
| (xvii) Addison’s disease | (q) Dwarfism and mental retardation |
| (xviii)Cretinism | (r) Over-secretion of cortical hormones |
| (xix) Dwarfism | (s) Under-secretion of the adrenal cortex |
| (xx) Adrenalin | (t) Under-secretion of thyroxin in children |
| (xxi) Vasopressin | (u) Over-secretion of growth hormones in adults |
Write a detailed account of gastro intestinal tract hormones.
