Question

During which cellular process do homologous chromosomes separate and distribute one chromosome from each pair to resulting gametes?

Options

• Meiosis

• Mitosis

• Binary fission

• Fertilisation

Answer 1

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate and each gamete receives only one chromosome from each pair. This reduction division is essential for producing haploid gametes and explains the segregation of alleles. Unlike mitosis, which maintains the diploid number, meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half, enabling sexual reproduction and maintaining genetic stability across generations.