Question

Browse through the newspaper from 1st June to 31st December and note the news about extreme rainfall in different parts of the country.

Answer 1

Date / Period	Region / State Affected PNG	Type of Extreme Rainfall Event	Impact / Description
Early June	Kerala / Coastal Karnataka	Onset of Southwest Monsoon / Heavy Downpour	Vigorous monsoon onset brought heavy spells, causing waterlogging in low-lying coastal areas.
Late June	Assam / Arunachal Pradesh	Continuous Heavy Rains & River Flooding	Brahmaputra and its tributaries crossed danger marks, flooding extensive districts in the Northeast.
Mid-July	Himachal Pradesh / Uttarakhand	Cloudbursts & Flash Floods	Intense localized cloudbursts triggered severe landslides, blocking mountain highways and damaging bridges.
Early August	Maharashtra (Mumbai / Konkan)	Torrential Rains / Continuous Downpour	Heavy continuous spells led to suburban railway disruptions and localized waterlogging in Mumbai.
Late August	Gujarat / Saurashtra	Cyclonic Depression / Heavy Rainstorms	Deep depression from the Arabian Sea caused widespread heavy rainfall and inundation.
Mid-September	Telangana / Andhra Pradesh	Intense Low-Pressure System	Heavy downpours caused reservoir water levels to rise rapidly, submerging agricultural fields.
Late October	Tamil Nadu (Chennai coast)	Northeast Monsoon Onset / Heavy Coastal Rains	Active northeast monsoon showers brought heavy overnight downpours, causing urban flooding.
November	Coastal Andhra Pradesh / Odisha	Cyclonic Storm / Severe Rain and Winds	A post-monsoon cyclonic system brought gale-force winds and heavy torrential rain near coastal belts.

Conclusion:

• Seasonal Shift of Rainfall: Extreme rainfall events migrate geographically in sync with the monsoon cycles—concentrating in the Northeast and Western Ghats during the Southwest Monsoon (June to September) and shifting to the southern peninsular coasts (such as Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh) during the Northeast Monsoon and post-monsoon cyclone season (October to December).
• Vulnerability of Regions: Mountainous northern states (like Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand) are highly susceptible to cloudbursts and flash floods, while coastal and low-lying urban centers face severe risks of waterlogging and riverine inundation.
• Impact & Management: These recurring extreme weather events highlight the critical need for robust disaster preparedness, accurate early-warning meteorological systems, and climate-resilient infrastructure to safeguard lives, agriculture, and property across the country.