Advertisements
Advertisements
Question
Answer the following question:
What are the determinants of Aggregate Demand (AD)?
Advertisements
Solution
Aggregate demand implies the total demand of final goods and services by all the people in an economy. Aggregate demand is the summation of consumption expenditure (C), investment expenditure (I), government expenditure (G), and net earnings from foreign transactions (X - M) (Where, X is exports and M is imports).
Algebraically,
AD = C + I + G + (X – M)
i. Consumption expenditure (C): Consumption expenditure refers to the total expenditure incurred by all the households in an economy on different types of final goods and services in order to satisfy their wants. Consumption expenditure can be further divided in two categories as - Autonomous consumption expenditure and Induced consumption expenditure. Autonomous consumption expenditure is independent of the levels of disposable income whereas, induced consumption expenditure varies directly with the level of disposable income.
ii. Investment expenditure (I): Private investment expenditure refers to the planned (ex-ante) total expenditure incurred by all the private investors on creation of capital goods such as expenditure incurred on new machinery, tools, buildings, raw materials etc. Broadly, investment can be categorised into two types- Autonomous investment expenditure and Induced investment expenditure. The autonomous investment expenditure is independent of the rates of interest and levels of income whereas, the induced investment expenditure varies inversely with the rate of interest and directly with the levels of income.
iii. Government expenditure (G): Government expenditure refers to the total planned expenditure incurred by the government on consumption and investment purposes to enhance the welfare of the society and to achieve higher economic growth rates. The government expenditure comprises of both investment expenditure as well as consumption expenditure.
iv. Net exports (X – M): Net exports of a country refers to the difference between the demand for domestically produced goods and services by the rest of the world (exports) and the demand for goods and services produced abroad by the residents of that country.
APPEARS IN
RELATED QUESTIONS
Given consumption curve, derive saving curve and state the steps taken in the process of derivation. Use Diagram.
Explain the concept of 'excess demand' in macroeconomics. Also explain the role of 'open market operation' in correcting it.
Explain the concept of ‘deficient demand’ in macroeconomics.
State components of aggregate demand.
Why does consumption curve not start from the origin?
Aggregate demand can be increased by ______
Define aggregate supply?
Explain the role of Repo Rate in reducing the Inflationary gap.
Explain the concept of deflationary gap.
Explain the role of Cash Reserve Ratio in removing an inflationary gap
Explain the determinants of aggregate supply.
What are the determinants of Aggregate demand?
Explain the following concepts or give definitions.
Depreciation
State whether the following statements are True or False with reason:
Income earned from foreign investment is considered for aggregate demand.
What is ‘effective demand’? How will you derive the autonomous expenditure multiplier when price of final goods and the rate of interest are given?
Match the following Group:
| Group A | Group B | ||
| 1) | Aggregate Supply | a) | Expected receipts |
| 2) | Autonomous Investment | b) | Lord J. M. Keynes |
| 3) | Consumption | c) | Government Investment |
| 4) | A.P.C. | d) | ΔC/ΔY |
| 5) | Investment | e) | C/Y |
| f) | Addition to stock of capital | ||
| g) | Destruction of utility | ||
State whether the following statement is true or false.
The equality between aggregate demand and aggregate supply determines the equilibrium level of employment.
Define or Explain the following concept:
Aggregate Demand
Define or Explain the following concept:
Aggregate Supply
Write Short note on:
Average Propensity to Consume
State with reason whether you agree or disagree with the following statement.
Aggregate supply is influenced by the state of technology only.
State with reason whether you agree or disagree with the following statement.
Positive net earnings from foreign transactions add to aggregate demand.
Answer in detail.
What is Aggregate Supply? Explain the determinants of Aggregate Supply.
Discuss the working of the adjustment mechanism in the following situations:
Aggregate demand is greater than the aggregate supply.
Answer the following question.
Describe the adjustments that may take place in an economy when ex-ante Aggregate Demand is greater than ex-ante Aggregate Supply.
What is meant by the “Effective Demand Principle” in the Keynesian theory of employment? Discuss using a schedule or a diagram.
Choose the correct from given options
When aggregate demand is greater than aggregate supply, inventories
Discuss the adjustment mechanism in the following situation :
Aggregate demand is lesser than Aggregate Supply.
On which factor Keynesian Theory of Employment depends?
How is it determined by using Saving and Investment approach?
Identify the correctly matched pair from Column A to Column B:
| Column A | Column B |
| (1) Y = AD | (a) Level of output at full employment |
| (2) Forward Multiplier | (b) Withdrawal of investment decreases income |
| (3) Paradox of Thrift | (c) People save less or same as before |
| (4) Multiplier (k) < 1 | (d) 0 < MPC < 1 |
Which of the following are the definitions of money supply in India?
When the value of the currency falls as compared to other currencies, it is ______
Which of the following statement is true?
It is seen that the private consumption expenditure, private investment expenditure, and ex-ante savings have reduced the ______ in the economy.
What is the circumstance when aggregate output is determined solely by the level of aggregate demand called?
The equilibrium level of income/output is established when ______
Aggregate demand can be increased by:
“In an economy ex-ante Aggregate Demand is less than ex-ante Aggregate Supply.”
Explain its impact on the level of output, income and employment.
If planned savings exceeds planned investments in an economy, explain its likely impact on income, output and employment.
Why is effective demand also known as expost demand?
With reference to Simple Keynesian model, give the meaning of ex-ante demand.
