Question

‘Akbar was a great king.’ Explain this statement by giving examples.

Answer 1

1. Religious Tolerance: Akbar practised Sulh-i-kul (universal peace) during a period of widespread religious conflict. He eliminated the Jizya tax on non-Muslims, erected the Ibadat Khana (House of Worship) for interfaith dialogue, and even offered a syncretic belief system known as Din-i-Ilahi.
2. Efficient Administration: He introduced the Mansabdari system, a distinct military and civil grading structure that guaranteed loyalty and merit-based promotion. His land revenue reforms, developed with Raja Todar Mal, made taxes more equitable for farmers.
3. Cultural Patronage: He was an avid supporter of the arts and education. His court was known for the “Navaratnas” (Nine Jewels), a collection of remarkable people that included the singer Tansen, the strategist Birbal, and the historian Abul-Fazl.
4. Strategic Alliances: Instead of just ruling through force, he established deep bonds with the Rajputs through marriage and high-ranking government positions, transforming former adversaries into the empire’s strongest defenders.
5. Social Reform: He was ahead of his time in attempting to prohibit Sati, legalise widow remarriage, and discourage child marriage.