CBSE solutions for इंग्लिश लैंग्वेज स्किल्स इयत्ता १२ chapter D - Sounds of English - Review [Latest edition]

Given below are the phonetic symbols along with the words which represents that sound.

Read all these words aloud and circle the letter that corresponds to the phonetic symbol.

Study the phonetic symbol for each consonant sound carefully, and underline the word which DOES NOT represent the corresponding sound.

Consonant sound	Odd one out
/p/	pen, copy, happen, ciphon
/b/	back, bomb, baby, job
/t/	tea, tight, listen, button
/d/	day, ladder, odd
/k/	key, clock, Wednesday, school
/g/	get, giggle, might, ghost
/tʃ/	church, match, nation, nature
/dʒ/	judge, age, plague, soldier,
/f/	fat, coffee, though, photo
/v/	view, heavy, move
/θ/	thing, author, matter, path
/ð/	this, other, should, smooth
/s/	soon, cease, kites, sister
/z/	zero, music, measure, buzz
/ʃ/	ship, cycle, sure, national
/ʒ/	pleasure, vision, leisure, ledger
/h/	hot, whole, thought, ahead
/m/	more, hammer, mnemonic, sum
/n/	nice, know, funny, column
/ŋ/	ring, anger, thanks, sung
/l/	light, valley, talk, feel
/r/	right, wrong, sorry, poor
/j/	yet, use, beauty, jade
/w/	wet, one, suit, queen

(a) Given below is a box full of words. Read each word aloud, and then find pairs of words that are pronounced in the same way, but have a different meaning and different spellings

sea	gate	too	bow	knot	see
blue	sent	fare	cue	pear	fair
there	by	gait	their	not	blew
bye	already	tye	stationery	whole	practise
deer	tie	die	two	bough	sent
queue	pair	practice	already	stationary	hole
dear	dye

(b) Write the pairs in the table as shown below:

(e.g.) pair	(e.g.) pear

Study the examples and practise pronouncing the words by stressing the syllable written in capital letters.

PersonNEL

TOtally

InDUstrial

ToMAto

FanTAstic

Note: Unstressed syllables keep the correct sound, but they sound muted. Sometimes, unstressed vowels become a schwa sound - like a soft "uh". At other times, the vowel is pronounced but not stressed. Now, review the eight common word stress patterns in English.

One Syllable - Stressed

All one syllable words have the stress on the one syllable. The intonation should go down.

EAT

DRINK

SIGN

WELL

Two Syllable - First syllable stressed

Examples:

Glant

PICture

HEAting

Two Syllable - Second syllable stressed

Examples:

toDAY

aHEAD

aLLOW

Three Syllable - First syllable stressed

Examples:

ENergy

Operate

ORganize

Three Syllable - Second syllable stressed

Examples:

meMORial

aSSUMPtion

caNAdian

Three Syllable - Third syllable stressed

Examples:

employEE

japanESE

voluntEER

Four Syllable - Second syllable stressed

Examples:

psyCHOLogy

eVAporate

cerTIficate

Four Syllable - Third syllable stressed

Examples:

poliTIcian

indiVIdual

reputation

Read the following sentences out aloud. Mark them as Type A or Type B according to the rise or fall in the tone.

You may recall that the pitch rises at the end of the statement/question if the speaker is uncertain, and it falls when the speaker is certain.

1. The percentage of women working in banks is rising, isn’t it?
2. You are not going to put this down in writing, are you?
3. The policy calls for a big change in overtime rules, doesn’t it?
4. You visited Tashi last week, didn’t you?
5. The Agra fort was built by Shah Jahan, wasn’t it?
6. I think this will lower the recruitment standards, won’t it?
7. I should go and fetch the groceries, should I?
8. I haven’t read about eight different types of intelligence have you?

You have earlier studied that English is not a phonetic language; it simply means that quite often, in many of the words, all the consonants may not be pronounced. And, it can be quite difficult to remember which consonants are not pronounced in which words. Given here are some examples that illustrate this feature.

A - logically, musically, romantically,	L - calf, calm, talk, yolk
B - debt, doubt, numb, subtle,	N - autumn, column, damn, hymn,
C - blackguard, czar, scissors,	P - pneumonia, psychology, receipt
D - handkerchief, Wednesday	R - butter, finger, garden, here,
G - align, champagne, gnaw,	S - aisle, debris, island, isle,
H - choir, exhaust, ghost, heir, hour	T - asthma, ballet, castle, gourmet
K - blackguard, knead, knowledge	U - catalogue, guest, guitar, tongue

Working in pairs, discuss the given situation

Your best friend has started going out with a group of friends who you know to be undesirable. You have tried to caution your friend about them but she/he does not pay any heed. How will you deal with the situation? Intonation is used to convey feelings and attitudes The Falling intonation: completeness and definiteness The rising intonation: incompleteness and uncertainty or questioning The falling-rising: hesitation, contrast, reservation or doubt

Which of the following language functions will you use? Write the exponents you would use.

Functions	Exponents
Expressing opinion/s
Asking for advice
Interrupting
Offering suggestions
Offering help
Summing up

The TV is described as an ‘idiot box’. Debate AGAINST the motion. Your presentation should be about 3 to 4 minutes. Use the language of debate appropriately to help you make your speech more effective.

Language Use

1. Opening statement/Quotation
2. Respected Chairperson, members of the jury, teachers, and my dear friends …
3. I strongly support/reject/oppose the motion …
4. First reason for/against
5. Second reason for/against
6. My worthy opponent has just pointed out … but I feel…
7. Friends, don’t you agree with me when I say …
8. Although my opponent may feel …
9. Summing up