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Physics Official Question Paper 2025-2026 HSC Science (General) 12th Standard Board Exam Question Paper Solution

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Physics [Official Question Paper]
Marks: 70 Maharashtra State Board
HSC Science (General)
HSC Science (Electronics)
HSC Science (Computer Science)

Academic Year: 2025-2026
Date & Time: 16th February 2026, 11:00 am
Duration: 3h
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General Instructions:

The question paper is divided into four sections:

  1. Section A: Q. No. 1 contains Ten multiple choice type of questions carrying One mark each. 
    Q. No. 2 contains Eight very short answer type of questions carrying One mark each. 
  2. Section B: Q. No. 3 to Q. No. 14 contain Twelve short answer type of questions carrying Two marks each. (Attempt any Eight). 
  3. Section C: Q. No. 15 to Q. No. 26 contain Twelve short answer type of questions carrying Three marks each. (Attempt any Eight). 
  4. Section D: Q. No. 27 to Q. No. 31 contain Five long answer type of questions carrying Four marks each. (Attempt any Three). 
  5. Use of the log table is allowed. Use of calculator is not allowed. 
  6. Figures to the right indicate full marks.
  7. For multiple choice type of questions, only the first attempt will be considered for evaluation.
  8. Physical constants:
    1. h = 6.63 × 10−34 Js
    2. c = 3 × 108 m/s
    3. π = 3.142
    4. g = 9.8 m/s2
    5. ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 C2/Nm2
    6. μ0 = 4π × 10−7 Wb/A − m

Section A
[10]1. | Select and write the correct answers for the following multiple choice type of questions :
[1]1. (i)

When a number of droplets coalesce to form a single drop, the total surface area of the drop ______.

decreases

becomes zero

remains same

increases

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (ii)

In an ideal gas, the molecules possess ______.

Only kinetic energy

Both kinetic energy and potential energy

Only potential energy

Neither kinetic energy nor potential energy

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [3] Kinetic Theory of Gases and Radiation
[1]1. (iii)

If the frequency of incident radiation is increased above threshold frequency, keeping intensity and potential constant then the photoelectric current ______.

decreases

becomes zero

remains same

increases

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (iv)

The process in which heat is neither absorbed nor released by a system is called ______.

isobaric

isochoric

isothermal

adiabatic

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (v)

The period of a conical pendulum in terms of its length (l), semi-vertical angle (θ) and acceleration due to gravity (g) is ______.

`1/(2 pi) sqrt((l cos theta)/g)`

`1/(2 pi)sqrt((l sin theta)/g)`

`4 pi sqrt((l cos theta)/(4 g))`

`4 pi sqrt((l tan theta)/g)`

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [4] Oscillations
[1]1. (vi)

A conducting rod of length l, rotates about one of its ends in a uniform magnetic field B, with a constant angular velocity ω. If the plane of rotation is perpendicular to B, the e.m.f. induced between the ends of rod is ______.

`1/2 B omega l^2`

Bωl2

2Bωl2

Bωl

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (vii)

A metal surface is illuminated by photons of energy 5 eV and 2.5 eV respectively. The ratio of their wavelengths of emitted radiation is ______.

1 : 4

1 : 2

2 : 1

4 : 1

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (viii)

A particle is subjected to two parallel S.H.M.s such that x = 2 sin ωt and y = `2 sin (omega t + pi/3)`. The amplitude of the resultant S.H.M. will be ______.

0

`2 sqrt 3`

4

12

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (ix)

A bar magnet of magnetic moment 10 Am2 has a cross sectional area of 2.5 × 10−4 m2. If the intensity of magnetisation of magnet is 106 A/m, the losgth oft bar magnet is ______.

2 cm

4 cm

6 cm

8 cm

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]1. (x)

In series LCR circuit for XL > XC, tan Φ will be ______.

negative

zero

positive

infinity

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[8]2. | Answer the following questions:
[1]2. (i)

State the formula for electric field intensity due to uniformly charged spherical shell.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]2. (ii)

Name an instrument for measurement of e.m.f. of a cell.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]2. (iii)

Calculate the magnitude of force experienced by a stationary charge exposed to uniform magnetic field.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]2. (iv)

Which property of bar magnet is used in navigation?

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]2. (v)

In Young’s double slit experiment, width of the two slits are in the ratio 25 : 1. Calculate the ratio of amplitudes.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]2. (vi)

What is beta plus decay?

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]2. (vii)

If the tension in sonometer wire is increased by 21%, compare the initial frequency with the later.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]2. (viii)

Define second’s pendulum.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [5] Oscillations
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Section B
[16]B | Attempt any EIGHT questions of the following:
[1]3. (i)

What are eddy currents?

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [12] Electromagnetic Induction
[1]3. (ii)

State applications of eddy currents.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [12] Electromagnetic Induction
[2]4.

State any two sources of errors in the meter-bridge experiment. Explain how they can be minimized.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [9] Current Electricity [13] Current Electricity
[2]5.

Draw a ray diagram showing position of virtual sources and region of interference in biprism experiment.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]6.

Derive an expression for radius of nth Bohr orbit.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]7.

A ceiling fan has a moment of inertia of 2 kg. m2. It attains maximum frequency of 60 r.p.m. in 2π seconds. Calculate its power rating.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [1] Rotational Dynamics
[2]8.

An electric dipole consists of two unlike charges of magnitude 2 × 10−6 C each and separated by 4 cm. The dipole is placed in an external electric field of 105 N/C. Calculate the work done by an external agent to turn the dipole through 180°.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]9.

Derive the expression for magnetic field produced by a current in a circular arc of wire.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [10] Magnetic Fields Due to Electric Current
[1]10. (i)

State advantages of photodiode.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]10. (ii)

State disadvantages of photodiode.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]11.

Distinguish between an overtone and harmonic. 

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [6] Superposition of Waves
[2]12.

A steel ball with radius 0.3 mm is falling with velocity of 2 m/s through a tube filled with glycerine. Calculate viscous force acting on the steel ball.

[Given: `N_"glycerine"` = 0.833 Ns/m2]

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]13.

Calculate the temperature at which the average kinetic energy of a molecule of a gas will be same as that of an electron accelerated through 1 volt.

[Given: kB = 1.4 × 10−2 J/k, e = 1.6 × 10−19 C]

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]14.

An inductor of inductance 200 mH is connected to an A.C. source of peak e.m.f. 220 V and frequency 50 Hz. Calculate the peak current in the circuit.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
Section C
[24]C. | Attempt any EIGHT questions of the following:
[1]15. (a)

In a thermodynamic system, define mechanical equilibrium.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]15. (b)

In a thermodynamic system, define chemical equilibrium.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[1]15. (c)

In a thermodynamic system, define thermal equilibrium.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[3]16.

In a series, LCR circuit, obtain an expression for the resonant frequency,

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [13] AC Circuits
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[3]17.

Obtain the expression for the period of a magnet vibrating in a uniform magnetic field and performing S.H.M.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [5] Oscillations
[1]18. (i)

Define magnetization.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [11] Magnetic Materials [15] Magnetism
[1]18. (ii)

State formula and S.I. unit of Magnetization.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [11] Magnetic Materials [15] Magnetism
[1]18. (iii)

What is the relation between permeability and magnetic susceptibility?

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[3]19.

Derive an expression for electrostatic potential due to a point charge.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[3]20.

Derive an expression for de Broglie wavelength of electrons.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[3]21.

Draw a neat diagram of a full-wave rectifier and explain it’s working.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [16] Semiconductor Devices
[3]22.

The string of a guitar is 80 cm long and has a fundamental frequency of 112 Hz. If a guitarist wishes to produce a frequency of 160 Hz, where should the person press the string?

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [6] Superposition of Waves
[3]23.

0.5 mole of an ideal gas at 300 K, expands isothermally from an initial volume of 2 L to a final volume of 6 L.

Calculate:

  1. work done by the gas
  2. heat supplied to the gas.

[Given: R = 8.31 J mol−1 K−1]

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[3]24.

A galvanometer has a resistance of 40 Ω and a current of 4 mA is needed for full scale deflection. What is the resistance and how is it to be connected to convert the galvanometer

  1. into an ammeter of 0.4 A range and
  2. into a voltmeter of 5 V range?
Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[3]25.

A coaxial cable consists of a central conducting core wire of radius ‘a’ and a coaxial cylindrical outer conductor of radius ‘b’. The two conductors carry equal current in opposite directions, in and out of the plane of the paper. What will be the magnitude of magnetic induction B for

  1. a < r < b and
  2. b < r?

What will be its direction?

where ‘r’ is the radius of the Ampere’s circular loop.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[3]26.

Energy of an electron in second Bohr orbit is −3.4 eV. Calculate its kinetic energy and potential energy in third Bohr orbit.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
Section D
[12]D. | Attempt any THREE questions of the following:
[4]27.

Derive Laplace’s law for spherical membrane of bubble due to surface tension.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]28. (i)

Derive an expression for maximum safety speed with which a vehicle should move along a curved horizontal road. State the significance of it.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [1] Rotational Dynamics
[2]28. (ii)

Moment of intertia of a solid sphere about its diameter is 25 kg m2. Calculate its moment of inertia about a tangent.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]29. (i)

Derive the relation between coefficient of absorption, coefficient of reflection and coefficient of transmission.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[2]29. (ii)

Answer in brief:

Compare the rms speed of hydrogen molecules at 127°C with rms speed of oxygen molecules at 27ºC given that molecular masses of hydrogen and oxygen are 2 and 32 respectively.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [3] Kinetic Theory of Gases and Radiation
[1]30. (1) (i)

Define self-inductance.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [12] Electromagnetic Induction [16] Electromagnetic Inductions
[1]30. (1) (ii)

Define Mutual Inductance.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter: [12] Electromagnetic Induction [16] Electromagnetic Inductions
[2]30. (2)

A conducting loop of area 1m2 is placed normal to a uniform magnetic field of 3 Wb/m2. If the magnetic field is uniformly reduced to 1 Wb/m2 in 0.5 second, calculate the induced emf produced in the coil.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:
[4]31.

Using analytical method, obtain an expression for the fringe width of two interfering waves.

Concept: undefined - undefined
Chapter:

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