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प्रश्न
Write the first four members of the homologous series that begins with CH3CHO. Also, write down their general molecular formula.
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उत्तर
| No. | Name of compound and molecular formula | Structural formula |
| 1. | Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) |
\[\begin{array}{cc}\phantom{...}\ce{O}\\ |
| 2. | Propionaldehyde (C2H5CHO) | \[\begin{array}{cc}\phantom{..........}\ce{O}\\ \phantom{..........}||\\\ce{H3C - CH2 - C - H}\end{array}\] |
| 3. | Butyraldehyde (C3H7CHO) | \[\begin{array}{cc}\phantom{.................}\ce{O}\\ \phantom{.................}||\\\ce{H3C - CH2 - CH2 - C - H}\end{array}\] |
| 4. | Valeraldehyde (C4H9CHO) | \[\begin{array}{cc}\phantom{....................}\ce{O}\\ \phantom{....................}||\\\ce{H3C - (CH2)2 - CH2 - C - H }\end{array}\] |
Comparing these molecular formulae and assigning the number of carbon atoms as ‘n’, the following general formula is deduced: CnH2nO/CnH2n-1CHO (where n = 1,2,3,...)
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.................}\\
|\phantom{....................}\\
\ce{CH3 - C - CH - CH2 - CH2 - CH3}\\
|\phantom{.....}|\phantom{...............}\\
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.................}\\
|\phantom{...................}\\
\ce{CH3 - C - CH - CH2 - CH2 - CH3}\\
\phantom{}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{...............}\\
\phantom{}\ce{CH3}\phantom{.}\ce{CH3}\phantom{.............}
\end{array}\]
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\[\ce{CH3 -CH2 -\overset{⊕}{C}H -CH2 -CH3}\]
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.................}\\
|\phantom{....................}\\
\ce{CH3 - C - CH - CH2 - CH2 - CH3}\\
|\phantom{....}|\phantom{................}\\
\ce{CH3}\ce{CH3}\phantom{..............}
\end{array}\]
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{..................}\\
|\phantom{....................}\\
\ce{CH3 - C - CH - CH2 - CH2 - CH3}\\
|\phantom{....}|\phantom{................}\\
\ce{CH3}\phantom{..}\ce{CH3}\phantom{..............}\\
\end{array}\]
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{..................}\\
|\phantom{....................}\\
\ce{CH3 - C - CH - CH2 - CH2 - CH3}\\
|\phantom{....}|\phantom{................}\\
\ce{CH3}\ce{CH3}\phantom{..............}
\end{array}\]
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\[\ce{CH3 - CH2 - \overset{\oplus}{C}H - CH2 - CH3}\]
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.................}\\
|\phantom{....................}\\
\ce{CH3 - C - CH - CH2 - CH2 - CH3}\\
|\phantom{....}|\phantom{................}\\
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.}\ce{CH3}\phantom{..............}
\end{array}\]
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