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प्रश्न
Using the curve for the binding energy per nucleon as a function of mass number A, state clearly how the release in energy in the processes of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion can be explained.
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उत्तर
The rising of the binding energy curve at low mass numbers, indicates that energy will be released if two nuclides of small mass number combine to form a single middle-mass nuclide. This process is called nuclear fusion.
Highest peak (Fe) represents the most stable nucleus and all the other nuclei tend to achieve this state by undergoing nuclear reaction.
The eventual dropping of the binding energy curve at high mass numbers indicates that nucleons are more tightly bound when they are assembled into two middle-mass nuclides rather than into a single high-mass nuclide. Hence energy can be released by the nuclear fission, or splitting, of a single massive nucleus into two smaller fragments.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Draw the plot of binding energy per nucleon (BE/A) as a functino of mass number A. Write two important conclusions that can be drawn regarding the nature of nuclear force.
A heavy nucleus X of mass number 240 and binding energy per nucleon 7.6 MeV is split into two fragments Y and Z of mass numbers 110 and 130. The binding energy of nucleons in Y and Z is 8.5 MeV per nucleon. Calculate the energy Q released per fission in MeV.
Suppose we have 12 protons and 12 neutrons. We can assemble them to form either a 24Mg nucleus or two 12C nuclei. In which of the two cases more energy will be liberated?
As the mass number A increases, the binding energy per nucleon in a nucleus
A neutron star has a density equal to that of the nuclear matter. Assuming the star to be spherical, find the radius of a neutron star whose mass is 4.0 × 1030 kg (twice the mass of the sun).
Calculate the mass of an α-particle. Its Its binding energy is 28.2 MeV.
(Use Mass of proton mp = 1.007276 u, Mass of `""_1^1"H"` atom = 1.007825 u, Mass of neutron mn = 1.008665 u, Mass of electron = 0.0005486 u ≈ 511 keV/c2,1 u = 931 MeV/c2.)
(a) Calculate the energy released if 238U emits an α-particle. (b) Calculate the energy to be supplied to 238U it two protons and two neutrons are to be emitted one by one. The atomic masses of 238U, 234Th and 4He are 238.0508 u, 234.04363 u and 4.00260 u respectively.
(Use Mass of proton mp = 1.007276 u, Mass of `""_1^1"H"` atom = 1.007825 u, Mass of neutron mn = 1.008665 u, Mass of electron = 0.0005486 u ≈ 511 keV/c2,1 u = 931 MeV/c2.)
What is the unit of mass when measured on the atomic scale?
The ratio of wavelengths of the last line of Balmer series and the last line of Lyman series is:
A given coin has a mass of 3.0 g. Calculate the nuclear energy that would be required to separate all the neutrons and protons from each other. Assume that the coin is entirely made of \[_{29}^{63}Cu\] atoms (of mass 62.92960 u).
