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प्रश्न
Explain the reading and interpretation of bar graphs.
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उत्तर १
First step in reading a bar graph is to know what it represents or what is the information given by it, for this we read the captions. Which are generally written just below the horizontal line ( x- axis) and adjacent to vertical line (y - axis )
After knowing that what a bar graph represents, we read the scale so that we can know the precise value in the given data.
After reading a bar graph one must be able to draw certain condusions from it. Drawing some conditions from a given bar graph means interpretation of the bar grph.
उत्तर २
A bar graph is a diagram consisting of a sequence of vertical or horizontal bars or rectangles, each of which represents an equal interval of the values of a variable, and has height proportional to the quantities of the phenomenon under consideration in that interval. A bar graph may also be used to illustrate discrete data, in which case each bar represents a distinct circumstance.
While drawing a bar graph, we keep in mind that
1. The width of the bars should be uniform throughout.
2. The gap between any two bars should be uniform throughout.
3. Bars may be either horizontal or vertical.
Each bar must be of same width and the gap between them must be uniform. Make sure that the width of the bars and the gap between them should not be necessarily same.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Read the bar graph given in Fig. below and answer the following questions:
(i) What information does it give?
(ii) In which part the expenditure on education is maximum in 1980?
(iii) In which part the expenditure has gone up from 1980 to 1990?
(iv) In which part the gap between 1980 and 1990 is maximum?
The following bar graph shows the results of an annual examination in a secondary school. Read the bar graph and choose the correct alternative in each of the following:
(i) The pair of classes in which the results of boys and girls are inversely proportional are:
(a) VI, VIII (b) VI, IX (c) VIII, IX (d) VIII, X
(ii) The class having the lowest failure rate of girls is
(a) VII (b) X (c) IX (d) VIII
(iii)The class having the lowest pass rate of students is
(a) VI (b) VII (c) VIII (d) IX
The following data gives the amount of loans (in crores of rupees) disbursed by a bank during some years:
| Year | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 |
| Loan (in crores of rupees) |
28 | 33 | 55 | 55 | 80 |
(i) Represent the above data with the help of a bar graph.
(ii) With the help of the bar graph, indicate the year in which amount of loan is not increased over that of the preceding year.
The following data gives the amount of manure (in thousand tonnes) manufactured by a company during some years:
| Year | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 |
| Manure (in thousand tonnes) |
15 | 35 | 45 | 30 | 40 | 20 |
(i) Represent the above data with the help of a bar graph.
(ii) Indicate with the help of the bar graph the year in which the amount of manufactured by the company was maximum.
(iii) Choose the correct alternative:
The consecutive years during which there was maximum decrease in manure production are:
(a) 1994 and 1995
(b) 1992 and 1993
(c) 1996 and 1997
(d) 1995 and 1996
The following data gives the value (in crores of rupees) of the Indian export of cotton textiles for different years:
| Years | 1982 | 1983-1984 | 1984-1985 | 1985-1986 | 1986-1987 |
| Value of Export of Cotton Textiles (in crores of rupees) |
300 | 325 | 475 | 450 | 550 |
Represent the above data with the help of a bar graph. Indicate with the help of a bar graph the year in which the rate of increase in exports is maximum over the preceding year.
The expenditure (in 10 crores of rupees) on health by the Government of India during the various five year plans is shown below:
| Plans: | I | II | III | IV | V | VI |
| Expenditure on health (in 10 crores of rupees) |
7 | 14 | 23 | 34 | 76 | 182 |
Construct a bar graph to represent the above data.
In a histogram the class intervals or the group are taken along
For the following data, draw a pie graph.
| Subject | Hindi | English | Maths | Science | Social Study |
| Marks as percent | 60 | 45 | 42 | 48 | 75 |
The lengths of 62 leaves of a plant are measured in millimetres and the data is represented in the following table:
| Length (in mm) | Number of leaves |
| 118 – 126 | 8 |
| 127 – 135 | 10 |
| 136 – 144 | 12 |
| 145 – 153 | 17 |
| 154 – 162 | 7 |
| 163 – 171 | 5 |
| 172 – 180 | 3 |
Draw a histogram to represent the data above.
The marks obtained (out of 100) by a class of 80 students are given below:
| Marks | Number of students |
| 10 – 20 | 6 |
| 20 – 30 | 17 |
| 30 – 50 | 15 |
| 50 – 70 | 16 |
| 70 – 100 | 26 |
Construct a histogram to represent the data above.
