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Explain ionic solids are hard and brittle. - Chemistry

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प्रश्न

Explain ionic solids are hard and brittle.

Ionic solids are hard and brittle. Explain

स्पष्ट करा
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उत्तर

  1. Ionic solids are brittle and rigid.
  2. The strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions, which hold the particles firmly together, are the cause of the hardness.
  3. Ionic solids are fragile because layers of ions shift when a force is applied.
  4. Similarly charged ions come opposite each other and repel when a force is applied, causing the layers to slide over one another. The crystal is broken as a result.
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पाठ 1: Solid State - 'NCERT TEXT-BOOK' Exercises [पृष्ठ ५३]

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नूतन Chemistry Part 1 and 2 [English] Class 12 ISC
पाठ 1 Solid State
'NCERT TEXT-BOOK' Exercises | Q 1.9 (ii) | पृष्ठ ५३

संबंधित प्रश्‍न

The major binding force in diamond is_______________ .

(a) Covalent bond                                                  

(b)  Ionic bond

(c) Metallic bond                                                   

(d)  Co-ordinate covalent bond


What is the covalency of nitrogen in N2O5?


Give an example each of a molecular solid and an ionic solid.


What type of solids are electrical conductors, malleable and ductile?


Explain the basis of similarities between metallic and ionic crystals.


An ionic compound crystallises in FCC type structure with ‘A’ ions at the centre of each face and ‘B’ ions occupying corners of the cube. The formula of compound is _______.


Classify the following solids into different types:

a. Ammonium phosphate

b. Brass

c. S8 molecule

d. Diamond


Distinguish between crystalline solids and amorsphous solids.


Classify the following molecular solids into different types: 

  1. HCl
  2. CO2
  3. Solid ice
  4. SO2

Account for the following : 

o-nitrophenol is more steam volatile than p-nitrophenol.  


How are the crystalline solids classified?


Answer the following in one or two sentences.

A solid is hard, brittle and electrically nonconductor. Its melt conducts electricity. What type of solid is it?


Sodium crystallizes in bcc structure. If the edge length of unit cell is 4.3 × 10-8 cm, the radius of Na atom is ______.


Classify the following solid:

Pb


A compound crystallizes in bcc structure. What is unit cell edge length if diameter of its atom is 120 pm?


An ionic compound AxBy crystallizes in fcc type crystal structure with B ions at the centre of each face and A ion occupying corners of the cube. the correct formula of AxBy is


Solid CO2 is an example of ____________.


In calcium fluoride, having the flurite structure the coordination number of Ca2+ ion and F Ion are ____________.


The ionic radii of A+ and B are 0.98 × 10−10 m and 1.81 × 10−10 m. The coordination number of each ion in AB is ______.


Classify the following solid.

P4


Classify the following solid.

Brass


Classify the following solid.

NaCl


Select the INCORRECT match:


Which of the following is an example of molecular solid?


Which of the following is TRUE about molecular solids?


____________ is an example of molecular crystal.


Dry ice is an example of ____________.


Fullerene is an example of ____________.


Which among the following is not true for crystalline solid?


Which among the following is an example of network solid?


Solid X is a very hard electrical insulator in solid as well as in molten state. It melts at extremely high temperature. Solid X is a ____________.


What type of interaction hold the molecules together in a polar molecular solid?


Ionization enthalpy is lowest in ____________.


The compound, found in nature in gas phase but ionic in solid state is ____________.


Solid CH4 is ____________.


Among solids, the highest melting point is exhibited by ____________.


Which of the following exists as covalent crystals in the solid state?


The major binding force of diamond, silicon and quartz is ____________.


Iodine molecules are held in the crystals lattice by ______.


Which of the following is not the characteristic of ionic solids?


Graphite cannot be classified as ______.


Which of the following cannot be regarded as molecular solid?

(i) SiC (Silicon carbide)

(ii) AlN

(iii) Diamond

(iv) I2


NaCl type crystal (with coordination no. 6 : 6) can be converted into CsCl type crystal (with coordination no. 8 : 8) by applying ____________.


How many chloride ions are surrounding sodium ions in sodium chloride crystal?


Which of the following is not true about the ionic solids?


An excess of potassium ions makes KCl crystals appear violet or lilac in colour since:

(i) some of the anionic sites are occupied by an unpaired electron.

(ii) some of the anionic sites are occupied by a pair of electrons.

(iii) there are vacancies at some anionic sites.

(iv) F-centres are created which impart colour to the crystals.


Inspite of long range order in the arrangement of particles why are the crystals usually not perfect?


Who introduced the term covalent bond?


The covalent bond length is the shortest in which one of the following bonds?


Calculate the angle at which first order reflection will occurs in an X-ray spectrometer when x ~ rays of wavelength \[\ce{1.54 \overset{\circ}{A}}\] are diffracted by the atoms of a crystal given that inter planer distance is \[\ce{0.04 \overset{\circ}{A}}\]


The major binding force in diamond, silicon and quartz is ______.


Which of the following molecules is non-polar in nature?


Which of the following is not correct?


Graphite is a ______.


Quartz is which type of crystal?


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