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Derivative of Implicit Functions

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Estimated time: 4 minutes
CBSE: Class 12

Definition: Implicit Function

Implicit differentiation means differentiating both sides of an equation with respect to x, while remembering that y depends on x. Therefore, whenever a term containing y is differentiated, the factor \[\frac{dy}{dx}\] appears by the chain rule.

CBSE: Class 12

Example 1

Find \[\frac{dy}{dx}\], if \[y + \sin y = \cos x\].

Solution: We differentiate the relationship directly with respect to \[x\], i.e.,

\[\frac{dy}{dx} + \frac{d}{dx}(\sin y) = \frac{d}{dx}(\cos x)\]

which implies using the chain rule

\[\frac{dy}{dx} + \cos y \cdot \frac{dy}{dx} = -\sin x\]

This gives  \[\frac{dy}{dx} = -\frac{\sin x}{1 + \cos y}\]

where \[y \neq (2n + 1)\pi\]

CBSE: Class 12
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12

Key Points: Derivative of Implicit Functions

  • If an equation contains both x and y and cannot be solved directly for y, it is called an implicit function.
  • Implicit functions are generally written in the form:
    f(x, y) = 0
  • To differentiate an implicit function, differentiate both sides with respect to x, treating y as a function of x.

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