Topics
Plant Life
The Leaf
- Root
- Types of Root
- Shoot System
- Stem
- The Structure of a Plant
- Types of Leaf
- Autotrophic Plants
- Insectivorous Plants
- Significance of Photosynthesis
- Modifications of Leaf
The Flower
The Cell
Human Body
Digestive System
- Food and Its Types
- Nutrients and Nutrition
- Component of Food
- Human Digestive System
- The Teeth and Its Structure
- The Salivary Glands
- The Food Pipe/Oesophagus
- The Stomach
- The Small Intestine
- Absorption of Food
- The Large Intestine
- Assimilation of Food
- The Aching Tooth
- Oral Health
Respiratory System
- Parts of Respiration
Circulatory System
Health and Hygiene
Habitat and Adaptation
- Habitat
- Adaptations of Plants
- Adaptation in Aquatic Plants (Hydrophytes)
- Adaptation in Desert Plants (Xerophytes)
- Adaptation in plants of snowy regions
- Adaptations in Seeds for Transport Through Air
- Adaptation in Animals
- Adaptation in Aquatic Animals
- Adaptation in Desert Animals
- Adaptation in Mountain Animal
- Adaptation in Aerial Animals
CISCE: Class 12
Key Points: Adaptation in Aquatic Plants (Hydrophytes)
| Type of Hydrophyte | Position in Water | Roots | Leaves / Stem | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Free-floating | Float freely on water surface | Absent or reduced | Spongy stem, broad leaves | Eichhornia, Pistia |
| Rooted with floating leaves | Roots in mud, leaves float | Well developed | Long petiole, waxy leaves | Nelumbo, Nymphaea |
| Submerged floating | Fully submerged, not rooted | Absent | Thin, dissected leaves | Ceratophyllum |
| Submerged and rooted | Fully submerged, rooted | Poorly developed | Ribbon-shaped leaves | Hydrilla, Vallisneria |
| Amphibious and rooted | Waterlogged soil | Well developed | Adapted to water & air | Potamogeton, Marsilea |
| Emergent and rooted | Shallow water, shoots exposed | Well developed | Aerial shoots, strong stem | Sagittaria, Ranunculus |
