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प्रश्न
What is commensalism? Explain it with a suitable example.
Explain commensalism with the help of an example.
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उत्तर
Commensalism is the interaction between two species in which one species derives benefit and the other one is neither harmed nor benefited. This is the interaction in which one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited.
An orchid growing as an epiphyte on a branch of a mango tree will benefit, while the mango tree derives no benefit.
The cattle egret and grazing cattle in close association are a classic example of commensalism. Cattle egrets always forage close to cattle; as cattle move, they flush out insects that might be difficult for the egrets to find and catch.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Explain mutualism with the help of any two examples.
What is the ecological principle behind the biological control method of managing with pest insects?
Define the following term:
Commensalism
How is mutualism different from commensalism?
Name the type of association:
Clownfish and sea anemone
Name the type of association: Hummingbirds and host flowering plants
Give one example of mutualism.
With the help of a suitable diagram, describe the logistic population growth curve.
Define community.
The cattle egret and grazing cattle in close association is a classic example of ______.
The number of deaths under ideal conditions is known as ______.
What is Mortality? What are its two types?
Define mutualism.
The relationship between sucker fish and shark is _________.
Identify the correct pair that exhibits commensalism.
Identify the morphological means of defence to avoid herbivores shown by plants.
Brood parasitism is best explained by the example of ____________.
Identify the interspecific interaction which one species is benefited and other is neither banned nor benefited.
Cattle egrets always foraging close to the grazing cattle is an example of ____________.
Which one of the following is NOT an example of mutualism?
Musk deer is an example of ______
Exarch xylem is found in:
There are two optional ways of exploitation one way is parasitism. Which is the other one ______.
What is brood parasitism? Explain with the help of an example.
In a pond, we see plants which are free-floating; rooted–submerged; rooted emergent; rooted with floating leaves; Write the type of plant against the following examples.
| Plant Name | Type | |
| a. | Hydrilla | ______ |
| b. | Typha | ______ |
| c. | Nymphaea | ______ |
| d. | Lemna | ______ |
| e. | Vallisneria | ______ |
Give one example for the following type.
Biological control agent
Observe the set of 4 figures A, B, C and D and, answer the following questions
- Which one of the figures shows mutualism?
- What kind of association is shown in D?
- Name the organisms and the association in C.
- What role is the insect performing in B?
 Fig. (A) |
 Fig. (B) |
 Fig. (C) |
 Fig. (D) |
Discuss the various types of positive interactions between species.
The value of 'Z' (regression coefficient) lies in the range of ______ regardless of the taxonomic group or the region.
A bird laying its egg in the nest of another bird is the type of ______.
A Tight one-to-one relationship between many species of fig tree and certain wasps is an example of ______.
"Cattle and goats do not browse the Calotropis plant." Justify the statement giving reasons.
Observe the graph given below.
|
The graph represents inter-specific interaction between two species of Paramecia competing for the same resource in a culture medium. Paramecium caudatum and Paramecium aurelia were grown in separate cultures as well as in mixed cultures. It was found that each species grew in numbers according to the logistic equation.
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a) Which species is competitively superior? Support it with the data provided in the graph.
b) State the underlying principle for the above result and name the scientist associated with this principle.
c) Explain the mechanism in which two or more species competing with each other can co-exist.
OR
Graphs A and B shown below depict interaction of two species. Which graph indicates Mutualism? Give reason.
 |
 |
| A | B |
The diagram given below shows the life cycle of a malarial parasite. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follows:
- Name the hosts in which the asexual phase and sexual phase of the life cycle takes place.
- Identify the infective stage labelled ‘D’.
- Name the structure labelled ‘A’ and ‘E’.
- Give any one symptom of malaria.
Describe mutualism.
What happens to an inferior competitor if the superior competitor is removed from the environment?
Give one example of parasitism.
Give one example of camouflage.
