Question

The diagram given alongside is that of a structure present in a human kidney:

Study the same and answer the questions that follow:

1. Name the structure represented in the diagram.
2. What is the liquid entering part ‘1’ called?
   Name two substances present in this liquid that are reabsorbed in the tubule
3. What is the fluid that comes to part ‘2’ called? Name the main nitrogenous waste in it.
4. Mention the three main steps involved in the formation of the fluid mentioned in (c) above.
5. Name the substance which may be present in the fluid in part ‘2’ if a person suffers from Diabetes mellitus

Answer 1

1. Nephron
2. The liquid entering part 1 is called glomerular filtrate, which is formed by the ultrafiltration of blood through the glomerulus. The two substances present in this liquid are glucose and water.
3. The fluid that comes to part 2 is called urine. The main nitrogenous waste in urine is urea.
4. The three main steps involved in the formation of urine are:
   1. Ultrafiltration
   2. Selective reabsorption
   3. Tubular secretion
5. Glucose