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प्रश्न
State the underlying principle of a cyclotron. Write briefly how this machine is used to accelerate charged particles to high energies
Draw a schematic sketch of a cyclotron. Explain, giving the essential details of its construction, how it is used to accelerate the charged particles.
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उत्तर १
It consists of two D-shaped hollow semicircular metal chambers D1 and D2, which are called dees. The two dees are placed horizontally with a small gap separating them. The dees are connected to the source of high frequency electric field. The dees are enclosed in a metal box containing a gas at a low pressure of the order of 10-3 mm mercury. The whole apparatus is placed between two poles of an electromagnet. The magnetic field acts perpendicular to the dees. The positive ions are produced in the gap between the two dees by ionisation of the gas.
A cyclotron involves the use of an electric field to accelerate charged particles across the gap between the two D-shaped magnetic field regions. The magnetic field is perpendicular to the paths of the charged particles that makes them follow in circular paths within the two dees. An alternating voltage accelerates the charged particles each time they cross the dees. The radius of each particle’s path increases with its speed. So, the accelerated particles spiral toward the outer wall of the cyclotron
Square wave electric fields are used to accelerate the charged particles in a cyclotron.
The accelerating electric field reverses just at the time the charged particle finishes its half circle, so that it gets accelerated across the gap between the dees.
The particle gets accelerated again and again, and its velocity increases. Therefore, it attains high kinetic energy
उत्तर २
The underlying principle of a cyclotron is that an oscillating electric field can be used to accelerate a charge particle to high energy.
A cyclotron involves the use of an electric field to accelerate charge particles across the gap between the two D-shaped magnetic field regions. The magnetic field is perpendicular to the paths of the charged particles that makes them follow in circular paths within the two Ds. An alternating voltage accelerates the charged particles each time they cross the Ds. The radius of each particle’s path increases with its speed. So, the accelerated particles spiral toward the outer wall of the cyclotron
[The Ds are the semi-circular structures (D1 and D2) between which the charges move. The accelerating voltage is maintained across the opposite halves of the Ds.]
Square wave electric fields are used to accelerate the charged particles in a cyclotron
The accelerating electric field reverses just at the time the charge particle finishes its half circle so that it gets accelerated across the gap between the Ds.
The particle gets accelerated again and again, and its velocity increases. Therefore, it attains high kinetic energy
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Obtain the expression for the cyclotron frequency.
A proton and an electron travelling along parallel paths enter a region of uniform magnetic field, acting perpendicular to their paths. Which of them will move in a circular path with higher frequency?
If a charged particle kept at rest experiences an electromagnetic force,
(a) there must be an electric field
(b) there must be a magnetic field
(c) both fields cannot be zero
(d) both fields can be non-zero
(a) An electron moves along a circle of radius 1 m in a perpendicular magnetic field of strength 0.50 T. What would be its speed? Is it reasonable? (b) If a proton moves along a circle of the same radius in the same magnetic field, what would be its speed?
\[\ce{Fe+}\] ions are accelerated through a potential difference of 500 V and are injected normally into a homogeneous magnetic field B of strength 20.0 mT. Find the radius of the circular paths followed by the isotopes with mass numbers 57 and 58. Take the mass of an ion = A (1.6 × 10−27) kg, where A is the mass number.
Cyclotron is used to ______.
Cyclotron frequency of a charged particle having charge q and mass m in a cyclotron producing magnetic field B is ______.
Which of the following is not correct about cyclotron?
A cyclotron can accelerate ______.
