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प्रश्न
Look at the pairs below. Draw a sketch to show the difference in meaning, as in the example:
- (a) cloth
(b) a cloth - (a) rubber
(b) a rubber - (a) lamb
(b) a lamb - (a) glass
(b) a glass
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उत्तर
Do it yourself
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
A story can have more than one ending. Rewrite the end of the story you have just read. You can begin like this…….. “As he drove home, he felt guilty for having let his children down. He reached home, entered the house and saw his wife and children watching the television…”
Write about the following memories or experiences. Share your views with the
class.
Here is a story about Swami and his grandmother. After reading the excerpt, change it into a conversation between Swami and his Grandmother.
After the night meal with his head on his granny’s lap, nestling close to her, Swaminathan felt very snug and safe in the faint atmosphere of cardamom and cloves. ‘Oh, Granny !’ he cried ecstatically. ‘You don’t know what a great fellow Rajam is.’ He told her the story of the first enmity between Rajam and Mani and the subsequent friendship.
‘You know, he has a real police dress,’ said Swaminathan. ‘Is it? What does he want a police dress for?’ asked Granny.
‘His father is the Police Superintendent. He is the master of every policeman here.’ Granny was impressed. She said that it must be a tremendous office indeed. She then recounted the days when her husband, Swaminathan’s grandfather, was a powerful sub-magistrate, in which office he made the police force tremble before him and the fiercest dacoits of the place flee. Swaminathan waited impatiently for her to finish the story. But she went on, rambled, confused, mixed up various incidents that took place at different times. ‘That will do, Granny,’ he said ungraciously. ‘Let me tell you something about Rajam. Do you know how many marks he gets in arithmetic?’
‘He gets all the marks, does he, child?’ asked Granny.
‘No silly. He gets ninety marks out of one hundred.’
‘Good. But you must also try and get marks like him…. You know, Swami, your grandfather used to frighten the examiners with his answers sometimes. When he answered a question, he did it in a tenth of the time that others took to do it. And then, his answers would be so powerful that his teachers would give him two hundred marks sometimes.
‘Oh, enough, Granny ! You go on bothering about old unnecessary stories. Won’t you listen to Rajam?’
‘Yes, dear, yes.’
‘Granny, when Rajam was a small boy, he killed a tiger.’
Swaminathan started the story enthusiastically : Rajam’s father was camping in a forest. He had his son with him. Two tigers came upon them suddenly, one knocking down the father from behind. The other began chasing Rajam, who took shelter behind a bush and shot it dead with his gun.
‘Granny, are you asleep?’ Swaminathan asked at the end of the story.
Now read the dialogue and complete the conversation:
Swarni: You don’t know what a great fellow Raj am is! In the beginning I could not get along with him but now he is my good friend. And you know, he has a real police dress.
Grandmother: Is it? What does he want a police dress for?
Swarni: His father is the Police Superintendent. He is the master of every policeman here.
Grandmother: I think, it must be a tremendous office. Do you know, your grandfather was a powerful submagistrate and the Police Force trembled before him? Even the fiercest dacoits of the place fled.
Swarni: That will do, Granny. It’s so boring. Let me tell you something about Raj am. Do you know how many marks he gets in arithmetic?
Grandmother: He gets all the marks, doesn’t he, child?
On the basis of your understanding of the poem, answer the following questions
by ticking the correct choice.
The poet draws a parallelism between the journey of the brook with ___________.
Answer the following question.
Why did the poet go to the dentist? How could she have avoided it?
The poet draws conclusions about the family without having met them. He does this in lines such as :
Something went wrong, says the empty house
in the weed-choked yard ...
This is a style of English that is very suitable for a poem. But in ordinary speech or writing we use expressions such as :
|
So it is Therefore it is |
probable likely possible |
that |
| It |
seems appears |
that....... | because..... |
| This suggests that ... |
For example, we could say :
• There are large shoes in the farmhouse. So it is likely that the farmer was a big man.
• It seems that they had a child, because there is a sandbox made from a tractor tyre.
• The kitchen shelves were covered with oil cloth. This suggests that a woman lived in the farmhouse.
Make other sentences like this, using ideas from the poem.
Below are certain words that appear in the story of Amelia Earhart's journey.The meanings have been given in a jumbled order. Match the words with their meanings.
| Words | Meanings |
| 1.Navigator | (a) an infection of the bowels |
| 2.Skirting | (b) a person who flies an aircraft. |
| 3.Dysentery | (c) a person who plans a route for a ship or plane |
| 4.Parachute | (d) to put something in a safe place |
| 5.Cable | (e) to leave something with no intention of returning |
| 6.Precise | (f) to go or around the edge of something |
| 7.Transmit | (g) a device that is attached to people or objects to make them fall slowly and safely. |
| 8.Implement | (h) a small boat made of rubber or plastic that is filled with air. |
| 9.Raft | (i) a set of wires, covered in plastic or rubber that carries electricity or telephone signals |
| 10.Stowed | (j) carry out |
| 11.Aviator | (k) exact |
| 12.Abandoned | (l) to send an electric signal |
Select words from the above box to describe the characters in the play as
revealed by the following lines from the play.
| Lines from the play | Speaker | Quality revealed | |
| 1. | “You told him she was feeling poorly, did you ? And so my brother is to be kept out of bed, and go without his supper because you told him she was feeling poorly. ” | ||
| 2. | ….. “take my comforter, it will keep you warm. ” | ||
| 3. | “If people lie to me they are poorer, not I. ” | ||
| 4. | “You are like a child. I can’t trust you out of my sight. No sooner my back is turned than you get that minx Marie to sell the silver salt cellars. ” | ||
| 5. | “My dear there is so much suffering in the world, and I can do so very little. ” | ||
| 6. | “My mother gave them to me on—on her death bed just after you were born, and…. and she asked me to keep them in remembrance of her, so I would like to keep them. ” | ||
| 7. | “I am too old a bird to be caught with chaff. ” | ||
| 8. | “You have your soul to lose, my son.” | ||
| 9. | “Give me food or I’ll stick my knife in you both and help myself. ” | ||
| 10. | “…they have made me what I am, they have made me a thief. God curse them all. ” | ||
| 11. | “Why the devil are you kind to me? What do you want? ” | ||
| 12. | “I—I—didn’t believe there was any good in the world… but somehow I—I—know you’re good, and —and it’s a queer thing to ask, but could you, would you bless me before I go? ” |
Answer the following question briefly.
Do you think the Bishop was right in selling the salt-cellars? Why/ Why not?
The next part of the story has been given below. Punctuate it, remember to use quotation marks (" ")when people speak.
they were dressed strangely in eccentric clothing shorts shirts and different garments they carried in their hands their bodies from throat to ankle were hidden by black cloaks the boy who controlled them came forward vaulted on to the platform with his cloak flying and peered into what was almost complete darkness whereas the man with the trumpet ralph sensing his sun blindness answered him theres no man with a trumpet only me the boy came close and peered down at ralph screwing up his face as he did so he turned quickly isnt there a ship then he was tall thin and bony his face was crumpled and freckled out of his face stared two light blue eyes frustrated now and turning or ready to turn to anger isnt there a man here ralph spoke to his back no we are having a meeting come and join us
Used to and Would
(A) Read the passage given below. Substitute ‘used to’ with ‘would’ wherever appropriate so that the passage reads better.
When I was a student, I used to visit the library frequently. The librarian was a kind man and he used to help me select my books. There used to be a small tea shop near the library. After spending a few hours in the reading room of the library, 1 used to go to this tea shop to meet my friends. There used to be an old waiter who kept a corner table reserved for us.
No. This is because they are used differently.
Read the passage again and complete the sentences below.
1. ‘used to’ is used to describe _______ in the present as well as situations that existed in the past.
2. ‘would’ is used to describe only _______ in the past.
(B) Think of the days when you were eight years old. Write down four or five things you would do or used to do or be. Make sentences like those in the box. Share your experiences with your partner.
Complete the following news item by choosing the correct word from the options given below.
(a) (i) has celebrated
(ii) was celebrating
(iii) celebrated
(iv) was celebrated
(ii) was
(iii) was being
(iv) has been
(ii) had inaugurated
(iii) inaugurated
(iv) inaugurating
(ii) planted
(iii) were planting
(iv) had planted
(ii) had been urging
(iii) urged
(iv) urging
(ii) was presented
(iii) were presenting
(iv) had presented
Rearrange the following words and phrases to form meaningful sentences. The first one has been done as an example:
other species/ human species/the/of/ many/ the/ very existence/ is threatening.
The human species is threatening the very existence of many other species.
(a) of nature/biodiversity/the/is/variety of life forms/interact to support/ that/ and sustain/ balance/ the ____________________________________
(b) consumed/as/grows,/ more and more of / Earth’s/ the / resources/ are/ human population/the
____________________________________
(c) extinction/ crisis / explosive/ an/ consumption / had led / growth and / an ____________________________________
(d) that have/ Earth’s history/ mass extinctions / the/ threatens/ periodically during/ occurred/ the/and to surpass
(e) one everyday/ scientists/ that/ estimate/ rate off species are disappearing/ the / at
____________________________________
WRITING A MYSTERY STORY
Mysteries can be divided into several categories. There are puzzling stories, detective I crime stories, and suspense stories. They all give the reader a chance to become involved in the solution of the story through clues and character descriptions.
Characters
Before you start to write, think about the characters you might put in your story.
• What will each character do?
• Why is he or she important to the story?
• In what ways are your characters alike?
• How are they different?
• What can your characters learn from each other?
• One last thing to remember: your characters don't always have to be human. If an animal plays a part in the story, that animal is a character, too
Setting
A story has to happen in a place.
• The setting might be a place you are familiar with.
• It might even be another planet!
• A setting doesn't even have to be a real place.
Details
• Use your Imagination.
• Details help readers understand how something looks, how it feels, how it sounds - even how something smells or tastes!
Plot
• Your characters have to DO something!
• What they do is the Plot of your story.
• To make the plot exciting add Situations.
Ending
• The Ending of a story is the solution to the conflict.
• Solve the problem, dilemma or conflict faced by the main character.
• Show that your main character has changed or grown in some way.
• Tie up all the loose ends. Readers shouldn't have to choose between several hinted endings.
Look at the picture below and list some phrases and words that come to your mind when you look at it.
Simple passive
Present Passive: “Where are they made?”
Match the words from columns A, B, C, and D to produce factually correct sentences. Write your answer in full sentences. (Remember to make your subject and verb “agree”.)
e.g. Coffee is grown in Brazil.
| A | B | C | D |
| Oranges | produced in | Brazil. | |
| Wine | worn in | Switzerland. | |
| Maruti cars | are | eaten in | Malaysia. |
| Coffee | manufactured in | France. | |
| The most expensive watches | is | grown in | India. |
| Uranium | mined in | the Middle East. | |
| Satay | South Africa. | ||
| Deshdashes | Morocco. |
Listen to the following conversation adapted from 'Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone' by J. K. Rowling.
While your teacher reads the excerpt, complete the following statements.
Aunt Petunia : Wizard, indeed!
Hany Potter : You knew? You knew I'm a - a wizard?
Aunt Petunia : (shouting angrily) Knew! Knew! Of course we knew! How cold you not be, my dratted sister being what she was? Oh, she got a letter just like that and disappeared off to that - that school - and came home every holiday with her pockets full of frog-spawn, turning teacups into rats. I was the only one who saw her for what she was - a freak! But for my mother and father, oh no, it was Lily this and Lily that, they were proud of having a witch in the family! (Drawing a deep breath) Then she met that Potter at school and they left and got married and had you, and of course I knew you'd be just the same, just as strange, just as - as - abnormal - and then, if you please, she went and got herself blown up and we got landed with you!'
Harry Potter : (Listens in shocked silence). Blown up? You told me they died in a car crash!'
Hagrid : (Angrily) CAR CRASH! (Jumping to his feet) How could a car crash kill Lily an' James Potter? It's an outrage! A scandal! Harry Potter not knowin' his own story when every kid in our world knows his name!'
Harry Potter : But why? What happened?
Hagrid : (Anxiously) I never expected this. I had no idea, when Dumbledore told me there might be trouble gettin' hold of yeh, how much yeh didn't know. Ah, Hany, I don' know if I'm the right person to tell yeh - but someone's gotta -yeh can't go off to Hogwarts not knowin'. Well, it's best yeh know as much as I can tell yeh - mind, I can't tell yeh everthin', It's a great mystry, parts of it ... ' (Hagrid pauses for a moment. Sound of chair being dragged). It begins, I suppose, with - with a person called - but it's incredible yeh don't know his name, everyone in our world knows-'
Harry Potter : Who ?
Hagrid : Well - I don't like sayin' the name if I Can help it . No one does .
Harry Potter : Why not ?
Hagrid : Gulpin' gargoyles, Harry, people are still scared. Blimey, this is difficult. See, there was this wizard who went ... bad. As bad as you could go. Worse than worse. His name was .... (Hagrid gulps but no word comes out).
Harry Potter : Could you write it down ?
Hagrid : (in a whisper) Nah - can't spell it. All right - Voldemort. (shudders) Don't make me say it again. Anyway, this - this wizard, about twenty years ago now, started lookin' fer followers. Got 'em, too - some were afraid, some
just wanted a bit o' his power, "cause he was gettin' himself power, all right. Dark days, Harry. Didn't know who to trust, didn't dare get friendly with strange wizards or witches .. Terrible things happened. He was takin' over.' Course, some stood up to him - an' he killed" em. Horribly. One o' the only safe places left was Hogwarts. Reckon Dumbledore's the only one You-Know-Who was afraid of. Didn't dare try takin' the school, not jus' then, anyway. Now, yer mum an' dad were as good a witch an' wizard as I ever knew. Head Boy an' Girl at Hogwarts in their day! Suppose the myst'ry is why You-Know-Who never tried to get 'em on his side before ... probably knew they were too close to Dumbledore to want anythin' to do with the Dark Side. Maybe thought he could persuade 'em .. maybe he just wanted 'em outta the way. All anyone knows is, he turned up in the village where you was all living, on Hallowe'en ten years ago. You was just a year old. He came toyer house an' - an'-' (Blows nose with a sound like a foghorn). Soriy. But it's that sad - knew yer mum an' dad, an' nicer people yeh couldn't find - anyway"You-Know-Who" killed 'em. An' then - an' this is the real myst'ry of the thing - he tried to kill you, too. Wanted to make a clean job of it, I suppose, or maybe he just liked killin' by then. But he couldn't do it. Never wondered how you got that mark on yer forehead? That was no ordinary cut. That's what yeh get when a powerful, evil curse touches yeh - took care of yer mum an' dad an' yer house, even - but it didn't work on you, an' that's why yer famous, Harry. No one ever lived after he decided to kill' em, no one except you, an' he'd killed some o' the best witches an' wizards of the age - the McKinnons, the Bones, the Prewetts an' your parents Harry.
1. Aunt Petunia did not like her sister and brother-in-law as ____________
2. Harry's mother had met his father at _______________
3. Harry had been told that his parents had ___________This was not the truth as ____________
4. The name of the Wizard who killed Harry Potter's parents was __________
5. Hagrid was reluctant to name _______ and called him _______
6. Harry got the scar on his forehead when _________
1 Read the conversation between a young boy and his mother. The boy is determined to go to camp, despite his mother's refusal to let him (from George Layfon's short story "The Holiday").
It wasn't fair. Tony and Barry were going. In fact, nearly all of them in Class
Three and Four were going, except me. It wasn't fair. Why wouldn't my mum let
me go?
(a) "I'vetoldyou. Youarenotgoingcamping. You're far too young."
Huh! She said thatlastyear.
"You said that last year."
"You can go next year when you're a bit older."
She said that last year, too.
"You said that last year and all."
"Do you want a clout?"
"Well you did, Mum, didn't you?"
(b) "Go and wash your hands for tea."
(c) "Aw, Mum, everybody else is going to school camp. Why can't I?"
(d) "Because you're going to Bridlington with me and your aunt Doreen, like you do
every year!"
Ohl Every year my mum, me and Aunt Doreen stay at Mrs. Sharkey's boarding
house. I suppose we'll have that same room again.
"Don't be cheeky! Mrs. Sharkey saves the room for me every year. It's the best
room in the house facing the sea."
"Aw, Mum, I never get any sleep - the sea splashing on one side."
My mum gave me a clout right across my head.
"Well, you've done it now. You've dislocated my jaw- owl"
She clouted me again, right in the same place.
"It's not fair. Tony's mum and dad are letting him go to school camp, and
Barry's going too. Why don'tyou let me go?"
She suddenly bent down and put her face right next to mine, right close. She
made me jump.
(e) "Now listen to me, my lad. What Tony's mum and dad do, and what Barry's
mum and dad do, is their look out. You will come with me and your Auntie
Doreen to Bridlington and enjoy yourself, like you do every year!"
1.1 Suppose Tony overheard this conversation, and wrote a letter to Barry.
Write and complete Tony's letter for him.
Dear Barry,
It's just two weeks more for our school camp! I can't wait to have a great time with
our class mates. I was hoping you, George and I get to share a tent together! But I
was at George's place and got to hear what his mother felt about our trip.
To start with his mother said he wasn't going camping. adding that he was far
too young for it. George reminded his Mum that she had said that the previous
year.
She felt that (a)____________________________________________________________________ older. He protested that she had said the previous year, too. To this, she simply ordered (b)_______________________________________________________________________ for tea. He wanted to know why (c) _________________________________________________________ when every body else, was going. She reasoned with him saying (d)_______________ George objected to being disturbed by the splashing sea, waves. But, his mother clouted him twice and in a threatening manner, told him (e)______________________ _________________ so, that's it. Probably, George won't be with us
Affectionately
Tony.
Complete the following information about yourself
SURVAYS ON THE USE OF COMPUTERS
| Age: | |
| Boy I Girl: | |
| Hours spent at the computer: | |
| Hours spent playing games and chatting on the internet: | |
| Hours spent surfing the Internet/ websites for learning: | |
| Hours spent per week studying at home: | |
| Hours spent for leisure activities: | |
| If you reduce your time spent on the computer, how would you spend the extra time? | |
| I like to spend my time on the computer because: |
Report the following questions. (Use if/whether or why, as appropriate.)
- Have you met my sister?
She asked _________________ (use you and her) - Do you want a drink?
He asked _________________ (use you) - Why didn’t you study for the Unit test?
She asked _________________ (use he) - Can you help me with my homework this evening?
He asked _________________ (use she) - Have you had lunch yet?
They asked _________________ (use he)
