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प्रश्न
Explain Markow nikoff’s rule with suitable example.
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उत्तर
“When an unsymmetrical alkene reacts with hydrogen halide, the hydrogen adds to the carbon that has more number of hydrogen and halogen add to the carbon having fewer hydrogen”. This rule can also be stated as in the addition reaction of alkene/alkyne, the most electro negative part of the reagent adds on to the least hydrogen attached doubly bonded carbon.
Addition of water: (Hydration of alkenes)
Normally, water does not react with alkenes. In the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid, alkenes react with water to form alcohols. This reaction follows carbocation mechanism and Markovnikoff’s rule.
\[\begin{array}{cc}\phantom{...........................}\ce{OH}\\
\phantom{.........................}|\\
\ce{CH3 - C = CH2 ->[H+/H2O] CH3 - C - CH3}\\|\phantom{........................}|\\
\phantom{...}\ce{\underset{\text{2-methylpropene}}{CH3}}\phantom{.............}\ce{\underset{\text{2-methyl-2-proponal}}{CH3}}
\end{array}\]
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संबंधित प्रश्न
What is the action of following on but-2-ene?
dil. alkaline KMnO4
Read the following reaction and answer the questions given below.
\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{..............................}\ce{CH3}\\\phantom{...........................}|\\\ce{CH3 - C = CH2 + HBr ->[benzoyl][peroxide] CH3 - CH - CH2Br}\\
|\phantom{....................................}\\
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.................................}\end{array}\]
- Write the IUPAC name of the product.
- State the rule that governs the formation of this product.
Which among the following alkenes on reductive ozonolysis produces only propanone?
Give IUPAC name for the following compound.
\[\ce{(CH3)3 C – C ≡ C – CH (CH3)2}\]
Complete the following:
\[\ce{2 - butyne ->[Lindlar Catalyst]}\]
\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{......................................................}\ce{CH3}\phantom{............}\ce{Br}\phantom{}\\
\phantom{....................................................}|\phantom{.............}/\phantom{}\\
\ce{A + Mg ->[Dry][ether] CH3-Mg-Br + B ->[i. Dry ether][ii. H-OH/H^+] CH3-C-OH + Mg}\\
\phantom{.....................................................}|\phantom{.............}\backslash\phantom{}\\
\phantom{......................................................}\ce{CH3}\phantom{..........}\ce{OH}\phantom{}
\end{array}\]
Thus, 'B' in the above reaction is:
Which of the following does NOT observe the Markovnikov's addition of HBr?
Acetone and acetaldehyde are the ozonolysis products of an alkene. Write the structural formula of an alkene and give IUPAC name of it.
Write the balanced chemical reaction for preparation of ethane from Ethyl magnesium iodide.
Read the following reaction and answer the questions given below.
\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{...............................}\ce{CH3}\\
\phantom{............................}|\\
\ce{CH3 - C = CH2 + HBr ->[benzoyl][peroxide] CH3 - CH - CH2Br}\\
|\phantom{....................................}\\
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.................................}\\
\end{array}\]
- Write IUPAC name of the product.
- State the rule that governs formation of this product.
