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प्रश्न
Answer the following question as briefly as possible and with close reference to the relevant text.
Discuss how in the poem Dover Beach the poet, Mathew Arnold, reposes faith in love as a beam of hope amidst the surrounding despair.
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उत्तर
The poem 'Dover Beach' by Mathew Arnold examines religious faith being undermined by scientific research and intellectual inquiry. He feels unquestioning faith in Christianity is diminishing, unable to withstand the surging tide of scientific discovery. Gripped with a sense of alienation, doubt, and resultant melancholy, the world requires a solution and that, according to the poet, is faith in love and hope amidst the surrounding despair. Sophocles had heard, "the eternal note of sadness", witnessing the fall of faith in the classical Greek Gods; the same possibility looms ahead for Christian God. He laments that faith once made the world "full" and ''bright'; it offered comfort and joy. Its loss leads to" melancholy." "Sea of Faith" once spread across the entire world, which is now "withdrawing." This global loss will herald "confused alarms of struggle and flight," and "ignorant armies clash[ing] by night.''. With religion losing its grip and causing a crisis of spiritual faith, the speaker feels only love is an answer for the loss of God. "Ah, love, let us be true to one another!" This suggests that love for one another may compensate for the loss of the connection between God and mankind.
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Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
Lying in bed, Swami realized with a shudder that it was Monday morning. It looked as though only a moment ago, it had been the last period on Friday; already, Monday was here. He hoped that an earthquake would reduce the school building to dust but that my good building, Albert Mission School, had withstood similar prayers for over a hundred years now.
At nine o'clock, Swaminathan wailed, “I have a headache.”
His mother said, “Why don’t you go to school in a bullock cart?”
“So that I may be completely dead at the other end? Have you any idea what it means to be jolted in a cart?”
“Have you any important lessons today?”
“Important! Bah! That geography teacher has been teaching the same lesson for over a year now. And we have arithmetic, which means for a whole period we are going to be beaten by the teacher............ Important lessons!”
And Mother generously suggested that Swami might stay at home.
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Father asked him, “Have you no school today?”
“Headache,” Swami replied,
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“Headache.”
“Loaf about less on Sundays, and you will be without a headache on Monday.”
Swami knew how stubborn his father could be and changed his tactics.
“I can’t go so late to class.”
“I agree, but you’ll have to; it is your own fault. You should have asked me before deciding to stay away.”
“What will the teacher think if I go so late?”
“Tell him you had a headache, and so are late.”
“He will beat me if I say so.”
“Will he? Let us see. What is his name?”
“Mr. Samuel.”
“Does he beat the boys?”
“He is very violent, especially with boys who come late. Some days ago, a boy was made to stay on his knees for a whole period in a corner of the class because he came late, and after getting six cuts from the cane and having his ears twisted, I wouldn’t like to go late to Mr Samuel’s class.”
“If he is so violent, why not tell your headmaster about it?”
“They say that even the headmaster is afraid of him. He is such a violent man.”
And then Swami gave a lurid account of Samuel’s violence; how when he started caning, he would not stop till he saw blood on the boy’s hand, which he made the boy press to his forehead like a Vermillion marking. Swami hoped his father would be made to see that he couldn’t go to his class late. But his father’s behaviour took an unexpected turn. He became excited.
“What do these people mean by beating our children? They must be driven out of service. I will see…..”
The result was that he proposed to send Swami late to his class as a kind of challenge. He was also going to send a letter with Swami to the headmaster. No amount of protest from Swami was of any avail: Swami had to go to school.
By the time he was ready, his father had composed a long letter to the headmaster, put it in an envelope, and sealed it.
“What have you written, father?” Swaminathan asked apprehensively.
“Nothing for you. Give it to your headmaster and go to your class.”
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One-word answers or short phrases will be accepted.
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- stubborn
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(c)
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