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प्रश्न
Discuss any two merits and demerits of the Green Revolution in the agricultural sector in the Indian economy.
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उत्तर
Merits of Green Revolution:
- Increase in Production: It significantly increased agricultural productivity and consequently crop yield. The gap between the sowing and harvesting of crops was reduced due to HYV seeds.
- Shift to Commercial Farming: Considerable growth in output led to a marketable surplus. The farmers were encouraged to switch from subsistence to commercial farming as a result of it. This denotes progress and growth.
Demerits of Green Revolution:
- Limited Crops: The green revolution was mostly limited to the cultivation of food grains, including rice and wheat. The production of commercial crops like cotton, jute, and other fibers as well as pulses has not increased in this way.
- Economic Divide: It solely helped wealthy farmers. Small and marginal farmers were unable to benefit from it since they employed pricey inputs in their farming operations.
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| A | The removal of the upper layer of the soil caused either by the strong winds or floods is termed as | 1 | Land degradation |
| B | The growing population and their ever-growing demand leads to large scale destruction of forest cover | 2 | Soil erosion |
| C | The gradual but consistent loss of fertility of land is referred to as | 3 | Deforestation |
Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:
| Agriculture provides livelihood to almost three - a fourth of the population of India. Indian agriculture is highly dependent on the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall. Climate extremes such as drought and flood affect agriculture severely. An account of the impact of climate extreme viz. drought and flood, on Indian food-grain production, has been presented in this chapter. There are temporal fluctuations in food grain production and the area under the food grain. In secular terms, both of them increased up to the mid-eighties. After the mid-eighties, there is a decline in the area of food grain while maintaining an increase in production of food grain suggesting the improvement in agricultural technology and policy. There is more temporal fluctuation in the production of food grain than the area under food grain. The analysis reveals that the impact of drought on Indian agriculture is more than that of the flood. Rabi food grain production depicts better adaptability to drought than Kharif food grain production mostly due to better access to irrigation infrastructure. Among the various food, crops analyzed all except jowar can effectively face flood events. Wheat and jowar perform relatively better during drought events. Rice is the most sensitive crop to extreme climate events. Since rice is the staple food in the sub-continent, management of rice production against climate extremes needs special attention for food security and sustainability. |
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Read the following text carefully and answer the given questions on the basis of the same and common understanding:
|
The Green Revolution in India began in the mid-1960s marking a transition from traditional agriculture in India to high-yielding varieties of seeds and the associated modern agricultural techniques. The need for introduction of Green Revolution in India arose due to a shortage of food-grains in the post-independent period. he government in the post-independent India wanted to ensure self-dependence in terms of food-grain production. Such efforts coincided with the development of high-yielding varieties of seeds of wheat developed by Dr. Norman Borlung and his associates in Mexico. These seeds also necessitated changes in farming techniques such as the addition of fertilizers, pesticides and better irrigation facilities. High yielding varieties of seeds were first introduced in India in the states of Punjab, Haryana and parts of western Uttar Pradesh. In the early period of the green revolution in India, the focus was to acclimatise the new system with the more resource-intensive agricultural methods. The argument for introducing the new crop varieties was to increase agricultural production in terms of higher crop yields. The seeds introduced during the early period of the green revolution in Punjab were not highyielding by themselves. These high yields were possible due to the seeds being highly responsive to certain inputs such as irrigation water and fertilizers. The green revolution in India, thus, necessitated a resource-intensive process whereby, those who could make significant capital investments could benefit, whereas, those others became more marginalized in regions affected by practices of the green revolution in India. On one hand, the results derived from the green revolution helped farmers to increase their yield and income and on the other hand, it helped the government to procure and preserve more food grains through agencies like Food Corporation of India. These food grain reserves were helpful in creation of buffer stocks in India, which helped in the situations of adversities. |
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- Justify the following statement with valid explanation:
‘Green revolution enabled the government to procure sufficient food grains to build its stocks that could be used during time of shortage’.
The shackles of agriculture during the colonial rule were permanently broken by the Green Revolution that resulted from the application of ______.
- High Yielding Varieties (HYV)
- Mechanization of Agriculture
- Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides
- Organic Fertilizers and Pesticides
