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प्रश्न
Discuss any two merits and demerits of the Green Revolution in the agricultural sector in the Indian economy.
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उत्तर
Merits of Green Revolution:
- Increase in Production: It significantly increased agricultural productivity and consequently crop yield. The gap between the sowing and harvesting of crops was reduced due to HYV seeds.
- Shift to Commercial Farming: Considerable growth in output led to a marketable surplus. The farmers were encouraged to switch from subsistence to commercial farming as a result of it. This denotes progress and growth.
Demerits of Green Revolution:
- Limited Crops: The green revolution was mostly limited to the cultivation of food grains, including rice and wheat. The production of commercial crops like cotton, jute, and other fibers as well as pulses has not increased in this way.
- Economic Divide: It solely helped wealthy farmers. Small and marginal farmers were unable to benefit from it since they employed pricey inputs in their farming operations.
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The performance of Indian economy during the period of first seven five year plans (1950-1990) was satisfactory if not very impressive. On the eve of independence, India was an industrially backward country, but during this period of first seven plans our industries became far more diversified, with the stress being laid on the public investments in the industrial sector. The policy of import substitution led to protection of the domestic industries against the foreign producers but we failed to promote a strong export surplus. Although public sector expanded to a large extent but it could not bring desired level of improvement in the secondary sector. Excessive government regulations prevented the natural trajectory of growth of entrepreneurship as there was no competition, no innovation and no modernization on the front of the industrial sector. Many Public Sector Undertakings (PSU’s) incurred huge losses due to operational inefficiencies, red-tapism, poor technology and other similar reasons. These PSU’s continued to function because it was difficult to close a government undertaking even it is a drain on country’s limited resources. On the Agricultural front, due to the measures taken under the Green Revolution, India more or less became self-sufficient in the production of food grains. So the needs for reform of economic policy was widely felt in the context of changing global economic scenario to achieve desired growth in the country.
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