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प्रश्न
Discuss briefly, how institutional reforms (land reforms) have played a significant role in transforming Indian agriculture.
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उत्तर
After independence, the government of India took several institutional/land reforms to ensure the transformation of Indian agriculture, such as:
- Land ceiling – It ensured the reduction of the concentration of land ownership in a few hands.
- Abolition of the Zamindari system – It focused on the elimination of farmers’ exploitation and the promotion of agricultural growth.
These reforms have led to the stability of farming as an occupation and promote equity.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Which one type of agriculture amongst the following is also called ‘slash and burn agriculture’?
Answer the following question in about 30 words.
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What is subsistence agriculture?
What is the meaning of market gardening and horticulture?
Denmark is known for ______.
Which of the following is not the other name of slash and burn agriculture?
Which of the following points indicates the importance of subsidy?
How is marketing significant for the progress of agriculture?
Match the following:
| A | The rapid growth in the production of the horticultural crops such as fruits, vegetables, tuber crops, flowers, etc. is known as | 1 | Horticulture |
| B | The combined use of HYV seeds and, increased use of fertilizers and developed irrigation facilities jointly to increase the production of rice and wheat. | 2 | Golden Revolution |
| C | t is emerging as an important source of livelihood in the rural areas | 3 | Green revolution |
Read the following passage and answer the question that follows:
| Agriculture provides livelihood to almost three - a fourth of the population of India. Indian agriculture is highly dependent on the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall. Climate extremes such as drought and flood affect agriculture severely. An account of the impact of climate extreme viz. drought and flood, on Indian food-grain production, has been presented in this chapter. There are temporal fluctuations in food grain production and the area under the food grain. In secular terms, both of them increased up to the mid-eighties. After the mid-eighties, there is a decline in the area of food grain while maintaining an increase in production of food grain suggesting the improvement in agricultural technology and policy. There is more temporal fluctuation in the production of food grain than the area under food grain. The analysis reveals that the impact of drought on Indian agriculture is more than that of the flood. Rabi food grain production depicts better adaptability to drought than Kharif food grain production mostly due to better access to irrigation infrastructure. Among the various food, crops analyzed all except jowar can effectively face flood events. Wheat and jowar perform relatively better during drought events. Rice is the most sensitive crop to extreme climate events. Since rice is the staple food in the sub-continent, management of rice production against climate extremes needs special attention for food security and sustainability. |
Statement 1: Till the mid-eighties in secular terms, there was an increase in the production of food grain and the area under the food-grain.
Statement 2: After the mid-eighties, the area under food grain increased.
Match the following.
| Column I (Types of Agriculture) |
Column II (Regions) |
| A. Mediterranean Agriculture | 1. Tunisia |
| B. Co-operative Farming | 2. Netherlands |
| C. Market Gardening and Horticulture | 3. N-EUSA |
| D. Collective Farming | 4. USSR |
| E. Dairy Farming | 5. Canada |
| F. Mixed Farming | 6. N-W Europe |
Read the following text carefully and answer the given questions on the basis of the same and common understanding:
|
The Green Revolution in India began in the mid-1960s marking a transition from traditional agriculture in India to high-yielding varieties of seeds and the associated modern agricultural techniques. The need for introduction of Green Revolution in India arose due to a shortage of food-grains in the post-independent period. he government in the post-independent India wanted to ensure self-dependence in terms of food-grain production. Such efforts coincided with the development of high-yielding varieties of seeds of wheat developed by Dr. Norman Borlung and his associates in Mexico. These seeds also necessitated changes in farming techniques such as the addition of fertilizers, pesticides and better irrigation facilities. High yielding varieties of seeds were first introduced in India in the states of Punjab, Haryana and parts of western Uttar Pradesh. In the early period of the green revolution in India, the focus was to acclimatise the new system with the more resource-intensive agricultural methods. The argument for introducing the new crop varieties was to increase agricultural production in terms of higher crop yields. The seeds introduced during the early period of the green revolution in Punjab were not highyielding by themselves. These high yields were possible due to the seeds being highly responsive to certain inputs such as irrigation water and fertilizers. The green revolution in India, thus, necessitated a resource-intensive process whereby, those who could make significant capital investments could benefit, whereas, those others became more marginalized in regions affected by practices of the green revolution in India. On one hand, the results derived from the green revolution helped farmers to increase their yield and income and on the other hand, it helped the government to procure and preserve more food grains through agencies like Food Corporation of India. These food grain reserves were helpful in creation of buffer stocks in India, which helped in the situations of adversities. |
- Why was Green revolution implemented and how did it benefit the farmers?
- Justify the following statement with valid explanation:
‘Green revolution enabled the government to procure sufficient food grains to build its stocks that could be used during time of shortage’.
Which of the following best defines agriculture?
In which type of agriculture is land cleared and used for a few seasons, then abandoned?
Which type of agriculture is described as large-scale, single-crop commercial farming?
Which type of seeds were central to the Green Revolution?
