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प्रश्न
Answer the following question.
Explain the various steps involved in the production of artificial insulin.
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उत्तर
Genetically Engineered Insulin:
- Insulin contains two short polypeptide chains: chain A and chain B linked together by disulphide bridges.
- In mammals, insulin is synthesized as a pro-hormone. It contains an extra stretch called C-peptide.
- C-peptide is absent in the mature insulin and is removed during maturation into insulin.
- Production of insulin by rDNA techniques was achieved by an American company, Eli Lilly in 1983. It prepared two DNA sequences corresponding to A and B, chains of human insulin, and introduced them in plasmids of E. coli for production.
The A and B chains produced were separated, extracted, and combined, by creating disulfide bonds to form human insulin.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Expand the Given and mention one application of each:
PCR
Describe the role of primers.
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Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps in a PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?
List the disadvantages of insulin obtained from the pancreas of slaughtered cows and pigs:
In humans, somatic gene therapy was carried out to correct an immunodeficiency disease. Name this disease.
The diagram given below represents the schematic structure of proinsulin, which undergoes certain modifications before it becomes a fully functional insulin.
Study the diagram carefully and answer the questions that follow:
- State the change the proinsulin undergoes to become fully functional.
- Name the modern scientific technique used for the production of human insulin.
- How are the two polypeptide chains of the fully functional insulin held together?
How many cycles of PCR are required to produce 250 molecules of DNA, starting with a single parental strand?
