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A Coin is Places at the Bottom of a Beaker Containing Water (Refractive Index = 4/3) to a Depth of 12 Cm. by What Height the Coin Appears to Be Raised When Seen from Vertically Above?

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A coin is places at the bottom of a beaker containing water (refractive index = 4/3) to a depth of 12 cm. By what height the coin appears to be raised when seen from vertically above? 

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Refractive index of the water, ЁЭЫНw = 4/3
Real depth at which the coin is places = 12 cm
Shift in the image = ?  

Shift = `"real depth"xx(1-1/µ)` 

Shift= `12(1-3/4)` 

R=12/4=3 cm

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When a ray of light travels from air to glass slab and strikes the surface of separation at 90°, then it …………….
(a) bends towards normal
(b) bends away from normal
(c) passes unbent
(d) passes in zigzag way


A student very cautiously traces the path of a ray through a glass slab for different values of the angle of incidence (∠i). He then measures the corresponding values of the angle of refraction (∠r) and the angle of emergence (∠e) for every value of the angle of incidence. On analysing these measurements of angles, his conclusion would be

(A) ∠i > ∠r  > ∠e

(B) ∠i = ∠e  > ∠r

(C) ∠i < ∠r  < ∠e

(D) ∠i = ∠e  < ∠r


In the adjacent diagram, AO is a ray of light incident on a rectangular glass slab.

  1. Complete the path of the ray till it emerges out of the slab.
  2. In the diagram, mark the angle of incidence (i) and the angle of refraction (r) at the first interface. How is the refractive index of glass related to the angles i and r?
  3. Mark angles of emergence by the letter e. How are the angles i and e related?
  4. Which two rays are parallel to each other? Name them.
  5. Indicate in the diagram the lateral displacement between the emergent ray and the incident ray. State one factor that affects the lateral displacement.

A total reflecting right angled isosceles prism can be used to deviate a ray of light through:
(a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 75° (d) 90°. 


A student traces the path of a ray of white light through a rectangular glass slab and marks, the angles of incidence (∠i) , refraction (∠r) and emergence (∠e) as shown. Which angle or angles has he not marked correctly?

(A) ∠i only

(B) ∠i and ∠r

(C) ∠i and ∠e

(D) ∠r and ∠e


State the principle of reversibility of light.

Will dispersion result when a monochromatic light passes through a prism?

Using the curve, how do you infer that for given prism, the angle of minimum deviation δmin is unique for the given light?


A ray of light passes from water to air. How does the speed of light change?


In what condition a prism is said to be in the position of minimum deviation? What is the direction of the refracted ray inside the prism in this condition?


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