Topics
Number System
Rational Numbers
- Rational Numbers
- Addition of Rational Number
- Subtraction of Rational Number
- Multiplication of Rational Numbers
- Division of Rational Numbers
- Rational Numbers on a Number Line
- Inserting Rational Numbers Between Two Given Rational Numbers
- Method of Finding a Large Number of Rational Numbers Between Two Given Rational Numbers
Exponents
- Concept of Exponents
- Law of Exponents (For Integral Powers)
- Negative Integral Exponents
- More About Exponents
Squares and Square Root
- Concept of Square Roots
- Finding Square Root by Division Method
- Finding Square Root Through Prime Factorisation
- To Find the Square Root of a Number Which is Not a Perfect Square (Using Division Method)
- Properties of Square Numbers
Cubes and Cube Roots
Playing with Numbers
- Arranging the Objects in Rows and Columns
- Generalized Form of Numbers
- Some Interesting Properties
- Letters for Digits (Cryptarithms)
- Divisibility by 10
- Divisibility by 2
- Divisibility by 5
- Divisibility by 3
- Divisibility by 6
- Divisibility by 11
- Divisibility by 4
Sets
- Concept of Sets
- Representation of a Set
- Cardinality of a Set
- Types of Sets
- Subset
- Proper Subset
- Super Set
- Universal Set
- Complement of a Set
- Difference of Two Sets
- Distributive Laws
- Venn Diagrams
Ratio and Proportion
Percent and Percentage
Profit, Loss and Discount
- Overhead Expenses
- To Find S.P., When C.P. and Gain (Or Loss) Percent Are Given
- To Find C.P., When S.P. and Gain (Or Loss) Percent Are Given
- Concept of Discount
Interest
- Calculation of Interest
- Concept of Compound Interest
- To Find the Principle (P); the Rate Percent (R) and the Time
- Interest Compounded Half Yearly
- Applications of Compound Interest Formula
Direct and Inverse Variations
- Types of Variation
- Unitary Method
- Concept of Arrow Method
- Time and Work
Algebra
Algebraic Expressions
- Algebraic Expressions
- Degree of Polynomial
- Factors and Common Factors
- Classification of Terms in Algebra
- Combining like Terms
- Multiplying Monomial by Monomials
- Multiplying a Monomial by a Polynomial
- Multiplying a Polynomial by a Polynomial
- Dividing a Monomial by a Monomial
- Dividing a Polynomial by a Monomial
- Dividing a Polynomial by a Polynomial
- Simplification of Expressions
Identities
- Algebraic Identities
- Product of Sum and Difference of Two Terms
- Expansion Form of Numbers
- Important Formula of Expansion
- Cubes of Binomials
- Application of Formulae
Factorisation
- Factorisation by Taking Out Common Factors
- Factorisation by Taking Out Common Factors
- Factorisation by Grouping
- Factorisation by Difference of Two Squares
- Factorisation of Trinomials
- Factorising a Perfect Square Trinomial
- Factorising Completely
Linear Equations in One Variable
Linear Inequations
- Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
- Replacement Set and Solution Set
- Operation of Whole Numbers on Number Line
- Concept of Properties
Geometry
Understanding Shapes
Special Types of Quadrilaterals
Constructions
- Introduction of Constructions
- Construction of an Angle
- To Construct an Angle Equal to Given Angle
- To Draw the Bisector of a Given Angle
- Construction of an Angle Bisector: 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°
- Construction of Bisector of a Line
- The Perpendicular Bisector
- Construction of Parallel Lines
- Constructing a Quadrilateral
- Construction of Parallelograms
- Construction of a Rectangle When Its Length and Breadth Are Given.
- Construction of Rhombus
- Square: Properties and Construction
- Reflection Symmetry (Mirror Symmetry)
Representing 3-D in 2-D
- 2dimensional Perspective of 3dimensional Objects
- Concept of Polyhedron
- Faces, Edges and Vertices of Polyhedron
- Euler's Formula
- Concept of Polyhedron
- Nets of 3D Figures
Mensuration
Area of a Trapezium and a Polygon
Surface Area, Volume and Capacity
Data Handling (Statistics)
Data Handling
- Mathematical Data Collection and Organisation
- Frequency
- Raw Data, Arrayed Data and Frequency Distribution
- Cumulative Frequency and Cumulative Frequency Table
- Frequency Distribution Table
- Class Intervals and Class Limits
- Frequency Distribution and Its Applications
Probability
Notes
Arranging the objects in rows and columns:
Ram has 6 marbles with him. He wants to arrange them in rows in such a way that each row has the same number of marbles. He arranges them in the following ways and matches the total number of marbles.
Description |
Arrangement |
|
1) 1 marble in each row |
 |
|
2) 3 marbles in each row |
 |
|
3) 6 marblesin a row. |
 |
|
4) 2 marbles in each row |
 |
From these calculations Ramesh observes that 6 can be written as a productof two numbers in different ways as 6 = 1 × 6; 6 = 2 × 3; 6 = 3 × 2; 6 = 6 × 1
From 6 = 2 × 3 it can be said that 2 and 3 exactly divide 6. So, 2 and 3 are the exact divisors of 6. From the other product 6 = 1 × 6, the exact divisors of 6 are found to be 1 and 6. Thus, 1, 2, 3, and 6 are exact divisors of 6. They are called the factors of 6.
