Topics
The First War of Independence, 1857
- Early Resistance to British Rule in India
- Causes of First War of Independence
- Political Causes
- Socio-Religious Causes
- Economic Causes
- Military Causes
- Immediate Cause
- Beginning of the Uprising
- Main Events of 1857
- Consequences of the First War of Independence
- Drawbacks of the First War of Independence
- Nature of the War
The Indian National Movement (1857 – 1917)
The Union Parliament
- Federal Setup in India
- Non-Federal or Unitary Features
- The Union Parliament
- Lok Sabha
- Parliamentary Procedures of Lok Sabha
- Speaker of the Lok Sabha
- Role and Functions of the Speaker
- Rajya Sabha
- Powers and Functions of the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha
- Relationship and Differences Between the Two Houses of Parliament
- Revocation of Articles 370 and 35A: Origin, Abrogation, and Key Differences
The President and The Vice-President
- The President of India
- Qualifications for Election as President
- Composition of the Electoral College
- Manner of Election
- Reasons for Indirect Election
- Procedure for Impeachment of the President
- Powers of the President of India > Executive Powers
- Powers of the President of India > Diplomatic Powers
- Powers of the President of India > Legislative Powers
- Powers of the President of India > Financial Powers
- Powers of the President of India > Military Powers
- Powers of the President of India > Judicial Powers
- Powers of the President of India > Discretionary Powers
- Powers of the President of India > Emergency Powers
- The Vice-President
- Powers and Functions of the Vice-President of India
Growth of Nationalism
- Growth of Nationalism in India
- Factors Leading to the Growth of Nationalism
- Economic Exploitation
- Repressive Colonial Policies
- Socio-Religious Reform Movements
- Effects of Socio-Religious Reform Movements on the Growth of Nationalism
- Role of the Press
- Precursors of the Indian National Congress
- Formation of the Indian National Congress
- Aims of the Indian National Congress
- Sessions of the Congress
Mass Phase of the National Movement (1915 – 1947)
First Phase of the Indian National Movement
Prime Minister and Council of Ministers
The Contemporary World
The Supreme Court
The Union Legislature
Second Phase of the Indian National Movement
- Partition of Bengal (1905) under Lord Curzon
- Causes of Partition of Bengal
- The Anti-Partition Movement
- Impact of the Anti-Partition Movement
- Surat Split of 1907
- The Assertive Nationalists
- Methods of Assertive Nationalists
- Comparison Between Early Nationalists and Assertive Nationalists
- Achievements of Assertive Nationalists
- Bal Gangadhar Tilak: Leader of Assertive Nationalism (1856–1920)
- Bipin Chandra Pal: Leader of Assertive Nationalism (1858–1932)
- Lala Lajpat Rai: Leader of Assertive Nationalism (1865–1928)
The Union Executive
The High Courts and Subordinate Courts
The Muslim League
- Early Growth of Communalism in India
- Events Leading to the Formation of the Muslim League
- Factors Leading to the Formation of the Muslim League
- Formation of Muslim League
- Aims and Objectives of the Muslim League
- Impact of the Muslim League on the National Movement
- The Lucknow Pact
- Terms of the Lucknow Pact
- Significance of the Lucknow Pact
- Drawbacks of the Lucknow Pact
The Judiciary
Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Movement
- Economic Suffering and the Rise of Gandhi
- Early Life of Mahatma Gandhi
- Gandhiji's Methods and Directions
- Non-Cooperation Movement
- Causes that Led to the Non-Cooperation Movement
- Objectives of the Non-Cooperation Movement
- Programmes of Non-Cooperation Movement
- Activities During Non-Cooperation Movement
- Repression by the Government
- Suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement
- Impact of the Non-Cooperation Movement
- Factors Leading Upto Civil Disobedience Movement
- Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934)
- Round Table Conference
- Impact of the Civil Disobedience Movement
- Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar's Contribution
Quit India Movement
Forward Bloc and The INA
Independence and Partition of India
- The Wavell Plan: A Step Towards Constitutional Resolution
- Events that Led to the Cabinet Mission
- Cabinet Mission in India
- Clauses of Cabinet Mission Plan
- Rejection of the Demand for Pakistan
- Reaction to the Cabinet Mission Plan
- Conflict Between Congress and Muslim League
- Mountbatten Plan
- The Indian Independence Act, 1947
- Independence by an Act of Legislation
The First World War
Rise of Dictatorships
The Second World War
United Nations
- Reasons for the Establishment of the United Nations
- The United Nations: Foundation, Objectives, and Global Framework
- Organs of the United Nations > The General Assembly
- Organs of the United Nations >The Security Council
- Organs of the United Nations >International Court of Justice
- Major Organs of the United Nations
Major Agencies of the United Nations
Non-Aligned Movement
- Criminal courts
- Classification of criminal courts
(i) Sessions court
(ii) Court of chief metropolitan magistrate or chief judicial magistrate
(iii) Court of the first class magistrates
(iv) Court of the second class magistrates - Appeals
CISCE: Class 10
Key Points: Criminal Courts
- Criminal Courts deal with offences like murder, robbery, theft, assault, etc.
- Sessions Court is the highest criminal court in a district and tries serious crimes; only it can award death sentence or life imprisonment (death sentence needs High Court confirmation).
- Chief Judicial / Chief Metropolitan Magistrate tries less serious offences and can award imprisonment up to 7 years.
- First Class Judicial Magistrates handle minor offences and can give up to 3 years’ imprisonment or ₹5,000 fine or both.
- Second Class Judicial Magistrates try very minor cases with punishment up to 2 years’ imprisonment or ₹1,000 fine or both.
- Sessions Judge hears appeals against judgments of Chief Judicial/Metropolitan Magistrates.
- High Court hears appeals against decisions of the Sessions Court.
