Computer Science (C++) Class 12 CBSE (Science) CBSE Topics and Syllabus

• Concept of Object Oriented Programming in C++ 
• Data Hiding in C++ 
• Data Encapsulation in C++ 
• Class and Object in C++ 
• Abstract Class and Concrete Class 
• Polymorphism in C++ 

  (Implementation of polymorphism using Function overloading as an example in C++)

• Inheritance in C++ 
• Advantages of Object Oriented Programming Over Earlier Programming Methodologies in C++ 
• Definition of a Class in C++ 
• Member of a Class - Data Members and Member Functions (Methods) 
• Using Private and Public Visibility Modes, Default Visibility Mode (Private) 
• Member Function Definition - Inside Class Definition and Outside Class Definition Using Scope Resolution Operator (::) 
• Accessing Members from Object (S) 
• Objects as Function Arguments - Pass by Value and Pass by Reference 
• Special Characteristics of Constructor 
• Declaration and Definition of a Constructor 
  • Functions of constructor
• Default Constructor 
• Overloaded Constructors 
• Copy Constructor 
• Constructor with Default Arguments 
• Special Characteristics of Destructor 
• Declaration and Definition of Destructor 
• Base Class in C++ 
• Derived Classes in C++ 
• Protected Visibility Mode 
• Single Level Inheritance, Multilevel Inheritance and Multiple Inheritance in C++ 
• Privately Derived, Publicly Derived and Protectedly Derived Class 
• Accessibility of Members from Objects and Within Derived Class (es) 
• Data File Handling in C++ :- Need for a Data File, Types of Data Files - Text File and Binary File 
• Basic File Operations on Text File - Creating/Writing Text into File, Reading and Manipulation of Text from an Already Existing Text File (Accessing Sequentially) 
• Binary File in C++ :- Creation of File, Writing Data into File, Searching for Required Data from File, Appending Data to a File, Insertion of Data in Sorted File, Deletion of Data from File, Modification of Data in a File 
• Implementation of Basic File Operations on Text and Binary File in C++ 
• Components of C++ to Be Used with File Handling 
• Header File - fstream.h 
• ifstream, ofstream, Classes 
• Opening a Text File in - In, Out, and App Modes 
• Using Cascading Operators (>>,<<) for Writing Text to the File and Reading Text from the File 
• Open (), Get (), Read (), Put (), Write (), Getline () and Close () Functions 
• Detecting End-of-file (With Or Without Using Eof() Function), Tellg(), Tellp(), Seekg(), Seekp() 
• Introduction to Pointer 
• Declaration and Initialization of Pointer 
• Dynamic Memory Allocation/Deallocation Operators - New, Delete 
• Pointers and Arrays - Array of Pointers, Pointer to an Array (1 Dimensional Array), Function Returning a Pointer, Reference Variables and Use of Alias 
• Function Call by Reference 
• Pointer to Structure - De-reference/Deference Operator:- *, -> 
• Self Referential Structure 

Object Oriented Programming:- Concept of Object Oriented Programming – Data hiding, Data encapsulation, Class and Object, Abstract class and Concrete class, Polymorphism (Implementation of polymorphism using Function overloading as an example in C++); Inheritance, Advantages of Object Oriented Programming over earlier programming methodologies,

Implementation of Object Oriented Programming concepts in C++:- Definition of a class, Member of a class – Data Members and Member Functions (methods), Using Private and Public visibility modes, default visibility mode (private); Member function definition: inside class definition and outside class definition using scope resolution operator (::); accessing members from object (s), Objects as function arguments–pass by value and pass by reference;

Constructor and Destructor:- Constructor: special characteristics, declaration and definition of a constructor, default constructor, overloaded constructors, copy constructor, constructor with default arguments;

Destructor:- Special Characteristics, declaration and definition of destructor;

Inheritance (Extending Classes):- Concept of Inheritances, Base Class, Derived classes, protected visibility mode; Single level inheritance, Multilevel inheritance and Multiple inheritance, Privately derived, publicly derived and Protectedly derived class, accessibility of members from objects and within derived class (es);

Data File Handling:- Need for a data file, Types of data files – Text file and Binary file;

Text File:- Basic file operations on text file: Creating/Writing text into file, Reading and Manipulation of text from an already existing text File (accessing sequentially).

Binary File:- Creation of file, Writing data into file, Searching for required data from file, Appending data to a file, Insertion of data in sorted file, Deletion of data from file, Modification of data in a file;

Implementation of above mentioned data file handling in C++;

Components of C++ to be used with file handling:

Header file: fstream.h; ifstream, ofstream, classes;

Opening a text file in—in, out, and app modes;

Using cascading operators (>>,<<) for writing text to the file and reading text from the file; open (), get (), read (), put (), write(), getline() and close() functions; Detecting end-of-file (with or without using eof() function), tellg(), tellp(), seekg(), seekp();

Pointers:-

Introduction to Pointer, Declaration and Initialization of Pointer; Dynamic memory allocation/deallocation operators: new, delete; Pointers and Arrays: Array of Pointers, Pointer to an array (1 dimensional array), Function returning a pointer, Reference variables and use of alias; Function call by reference. Pointer to structure: De-reference/Deference operator: *, ->; self referential structure;

• Introduction to Data Structure - Array, Stack Queues Primitive and Non-primitive Data Structure 
• Linear and Non-linear Structure 
• Static and Dynamic Data Structure 
• One and Two Dimensional Arrays - Sequential Allocation and Address Calculation 
• One Dimensional Array - Traversal, Searching (Linear, Binary Search), Insertion of an Element in an Array, Deletion of an Element from an Array, Sorting (Insertion, Selection, Bubble) 
• Two-dimensional Arrays - Traversal Finding Sum/Difference of Two Nxm Arrays Containing Numeric Values, Interchanging Row and Column Elements in a Two Dimensional Array 
• Introduction to Stack in C++ (LIFO - Last in First Out Operations) 
• Operations on Stack (PUSH and POP) and Its Implementation in C++ 
• Converting Expressions from INFIX to POSTFIX Notation and Evaluation of Postfix Expression in C++ 
• Queue (Array and Linked Implementation) 
• Introduction to Queue in C++ (FIFO - First in First Out Operations) 
• Operations on Queue (Insert and Delete and Its Implementation in C++ 
• Circular Queue Using Array 

Introduction to data structure- array, stack queues primitive and non-primitive data structure, linear and non-linear structure, static and dynamic data structure.

Arrays:-

One and two Dimensional arrays: Sequential allocation and address calculation;

One dimensional array: Traversal, Searching (Linear, Binary Search), Insertion of an element in an array, deletion of an element from an array, Sorting (Insertion, Selection, Bubble)

Two-dimensional arrays:- Traversal Finding sum/difference of two NxM arrays containing numeric values, Interchanging Row and Column elements in a two dimensional array;

Stack (Array and Linked implementation of Stack):- Introduction to stack (LIFO: Last in First out Operations)

Operations on stack (PUSH and POP) and its Implementation in C++, Converting expressions from INFIX to POSTFIX notation and evaluation of Postfix expression;

Queue: (Array and Linked Implementation)

Introduction to Queue (FIFO: First in First out operations)

Operations on Queue (Insert and Delete and its Implementation in C++, circular queue using array.

• Introduction to Data Base Concepts and Its Need in C++ 
• Relational Data Model 

  Concept of domain, tuple, relation, key, primary key, alternate key, candidate key

• Relational Algebra - Selection, Projection, Union and Cartesian Product 
• Structured Query Language Advantages of Using SQL 
• Data Definition Language and Data Manipulation Language 
• Data Types - NUMBER/DECIMAL, CHARACTER/VARCHAR/VARCHAR2, DATE 
• SQL COMMANDS - CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, ALTER TABLE, UPDATE ….SET…., INSERT, DELETE; SELECT, DISTINCT, FROM, WHERE, IN, BETWEEN, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY 
• SQL functions - SUM ( ), AVG ( ), COUNT ( ), MAX ( ) AND MIN ( ) 
• Obtaining Results (Select Query) from 2 Tables Using equi-join 
• Cartesian Product and Union 

Common to both the options. Refer to unit 3 DATABASE AND SQL mentioned in case of Python for further details.

• Binary-valued Quantities 
• Boolean Variable 
• Boolean Constant and Boolean Operators - AND, OR, NOT 
• Truth Tables (Boolean Algebra) 
• Closure Property 
• Commutative Law 
• Associative Law 
• Identity Law 
• Inverse Law 
• Principle of Duality 
• Idempotent Law 
• Distributive Law 
• Absorption Law 
• Involution Law 
• DeMorgan’S Law/Theorem and Their Applications 
• Obtaining Sum of Product (SOP) and Product of Sum (POS) Form the Truth Table 
• Reducing Boolean Expression (SOP and POS) to Its Minimal Form 
• Use of Karnaugh Map for Minimization of Boolean Expressions (Up to 4 Variables) 
• Application of Boolean Logic - Digital Electronic Circuit Design Using Basic Logic Gates (NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR) 
• Use of Boolean Operators (NOT, AND, OR) in SQL SELECT Statements 
• Use of Boolean Operators (AND, OR) in Search Engine Queries 

Common to both the options. Refer to unit 4 mentioned in case of Python for further details.

• Evolution of Networking 
• ARPANET 
• Internet 
• Interspace Different Ways of Sending Data Across the Network with Reference to Switching Techniques (Circuit and Packet Switching) 
• Data Communication Terminologies 
• Concept of Channel 
• Bandwidth (Hz, KHz, MHz) and Data Transfer Rate (Bps, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps, Tbps) 
• Twisted Pair Cable 
• Coaxial Cable 
• Optical Fiber 
• Infrared 
• Radio Link 
• Microwave Link 
• Satellite Link 
• Network Devices - Modem, RJ45 Connector, Ethernet Card, Router, Switch, Gateway, Wifi Card 
• Network Topologies and Types - Bus, Star, Tree, PAN, LAN, WAN, MAN 
• Network Protocol - TCP/IP 
• Network Protocol - File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 
• Network Protocol - PPP 
• Network Protocol - SMTP 
• Network Protocol - POP3 Remote Login (Talent) 
• Internet Wireless/Mobile Communication Protocol - GSM, CDMA, GPRS, and WLL 
• Mobile Telecommunication Technologies - 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G 
• Mobile Processors 
• Electronic Mail Protocols Such as SMTP, POP3 
• Protocols for Chat and Video Conferencing VOIP 
• Wireless Technologies Such as Wi-Fi and WiMax 
• Threats and Prevention from Viruses, Worms, Trojan Horse, Spam 
• Use of Cookies 
• Protection Using Firewall 
• https 
• India IT Act 
• Cyber Law 
• Cyber Crimes 
• IPR Issues 
• Hacking 
• WWW 
• Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) 
• Extensible Markup Language (XML) 
• Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 
• Domain Names 
• URL 
• Website 
• Web Browser 
• Web Servers 
• Web Hosting 
• Web Scripting - Client Side (VB Script, Java Script, PHP) 
• Server Side (ASP, JSP, PHP) 
• Web 2.0 (For Social Networking) 
• E-commerce Payment Transactions Using Online Banking 
• Mobile Banking and Payment Apps and Services 

Common to both the options. Refer to unit 5 COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES mentioned in case of Python for further details.