English Medium Class 10 - CBSE Question Bank Solutions for Social Science

Maharashtra is a state located in western India, with a population of over 110 million people. The state is home to several large cities, including Mumbai, and has a significant agricultural sector. However, the state is facing a severe water crisis, with its water resources coming under increasing pressure due to climate change, industrialization, and urbanization. The main challenges faced by water resource management in Maharashtra are:

1. Overexploitation of groundwater: Maharashtra is one of the most groundwater-stressed states in India, with the demand for water exceeding the supply. Overexploitation of groundwater for agriculture and urban use has led to a decline in water levels, which has severe implications for the sustainability of water resources.
2. Pollution of surface water: Industrialization and urbanization have led to the pollution of surface water bodies such as rivers and lakes. The pollution has led to water quality degradation, which poses risks to human health and the environment.
3. Inefficient irrigation practices: The agricultural sector is the largest user of water in Maharashtra, accounting for around 80% of total water use. However, traditional irrigation practices such as flood irrigation are inefficient and lead to the wastage of water.

For comparing countries, their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes. Countries with higher incomes are more developed than others with less income. This is based on the understanding that more income means more of all things that human beings need. Whatever people like, and should have, they will be able to get with greater income. So, greater income itself is considered to be one important goal. Now, what is the income of a country? Intuitively, the income of the country is the income of all the residents of the country. This gives us the total income of the country. However, for comparison between countries, total income is not such a useful measure. Since, countries have different populations, comparing total income will not tell us what an average person is likely to earn. Are people in one country better off than others in a different country? Hence, we compare the average income which is the total income of the country divided by its total population. The average income is also called per capita income. In World Development Reports, brought out by the World Bank, this criterion is used in classifying countries. Countries with per capita income of US \[\ce{$}\]49,300 per annum and above in 2019, are called high-income or rich countries and those with per capita income of US \[\ce{$}\]2500 or less are called low-income countries. The rich countries, excluding countries of the Middle East and certain other small countries are generally called developed countries.

1. Explain the significance of per capita Income.
2. What are the classifications of countries based on per capita income, and which entity is responsible for determining these classifications?"

Mahatma Gandhi's thoughts on Satyagraha 

'It is said of "passive resistance" that it is the weapon of the weak, but the power which is the subject of this article can be used only by the strong. This power is not passive resistance; indeed it calls for intense activity. The movement in South Africa was not passive but active ....'

'Satyagraha is not a physical force. A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary, he does not seek his destrudion ... In the use of satyagraha, there is no ill-will whatever.'

'Satyagraha is pure soul-force. Truth is the very substance of the soul. That's why this force is called satyagraha. The soul is informed with knowledge. In it burns the flame of love ... Non-violence is the supreme dharma.'

'It is certain that India cannot rival Britain or Europe in force of arms. The British worship the war god and they can all become, bearers of arms. The hundreds of millions in India can never carry arms. They have made the religion of non-violence their own....'