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Many ailments like hypertension, ulcers, etc, could be stress related. To prevent this from happening, we need to be aware about stress management techniques. Explain any four of these techniques.
Concept: Coping with Stress
Ritik uses imagery and imagination to reduce his stress levels. Identify the technique being used by Ritik.
Concept: Coping with Stress
Read the case and answer the questions that follow.
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'My story about work-related stress' Looking back on my life, I recognize that I have always struggled with anxiety- in relationships, friendships or at work. |
“Thoughts and worries about work seeped into every part of my life. I would wake up at night with palpitations, worrying about a task I had not completed, or trying to remember if I had sent an urgent email. I found that my mind wandered to work whilst I was spending time with my family.” Suggest and explain two stress management techniques that the writer could use.
Concept: Coping with Stress
Read the case and answer the question that follows.
| Malay, a student of class IX, was referred to a mental health clinic with complaints of stealing money, excessive lying, setting fire to household items, teasing young girls of the locality, and passing lewd remarks and making obscene gestures. The onset was about three years ago and has increased over the past eight months. Of late, he has started using alcohol and spending more time outdoors with friends of similar interests. School reports suggested the gradual development of inappropriate behaviours such as openly defying rules in school, playing truant, instigating fellow students to pass silly remarks in class, and disrespectful attitude towards elders ultimately resulting in frequent school absenteeism, mixing with local goons, and excessive aggression. Further investigation revealed that the family history is disturbed, the relationship with the father was extremely hostile and there were frequent conflicts among the family members. Birth and developmental milestones are normal. |
How would the sociocultural model help us to understand Malay disorder?
Concept: Factors Underlying Abnormal Behaviour
Which of the following statements is true about the diathesis-stress model?
- Presence of some biological aberration which may be inherited
- Physiological disorders develop due to combination of psychological predisposition and stressors.
- Diathesis may carry vulnerability to develop a psychological disorder.
- Absence of pathogenic stressors that may lead to psychopathology.
Concept: Factors Underlying Abnormal Behaviour
Which of the following statements are true about the diathesis stress model?
- A vulnerability factor and the presence of a pathogenic stressor results in psychological disorder.
- The presence of biological aberration is enough to develop a psychological disorder.
- The presence of only pathogenic stressors may lead to psychopathology.
- The diathesis and the stressor lead to the development of a psychological disorder
Concept: Factors Underlying Abnormal Behaviour
Shahid showed a reduction in symptoms after he received treatment for schizophrenia. He was sent to the rehabilitation centre to improve his quality of life. What steps would be taken in the rehabilitation centre to help him become a productive member of the community? Explain.
Concept: Rehabilitation of the Mentally Ill
Describe the process of rehabilitation of the mentally ill in detail.
Concept: Rehabilitation of the Mentally Ill
Describe the importance of the therapeutic relationship in the process of psychotherapy.
Concept: Concept of Psychotherapy
Anna, the head girl of the school, gives more opportunities to the members of Red House than those of Blue or Green House. This is because she feels they are less capable. She even ignores the advice of her teachers to give equal opportunities to all the Houses. Which strategy will help in handling this prejudice?
Concept: Prejudice and Discrimination
Which one of the following is a feature of an attitude?
Concept: Nature and Components of Attitudes
Vinita holds a negative attitude towards individuals of a particular community. She avoids interacting with or helping them in college. Identify and explain the behaviour being exhibited by Vinita.
Concept: Prejudice and Discrimination
Explain the characteristics of an attitude in terms of complexity and centrality.
Concept: Nature and Components of Attitudes
How does self-fulfilling prophecy help in strengthening prejudices? Give an example to support your answer.
Concept: Prejudice and Discrimination
Ashwin’s roommate at college, who belonged to a particular State, was always rude and selfish towards him. Ashwin now does not befriend or employ people from this State as he feels that they are all impolite. This is an example of ______.
Concept: Prejudice and Discrimination
Values and beliefs are not the same as attitudes. Explain this statement with the help of examples.
Concept: Nature and Components of Attitudes
The centrality of an attitude reflects ______.
Concept: Nature and Components of Attitudes
Read the case and answer the questions that follow.
| The Pygmalion effect, or Rosenthal effect, is a psychological phenomenon in which high expectations lead to improved performance in a given area. The hypothesis was that expectations can influence performance. Robert Rosenthal chose an elementary school in California for his study and having tested all the children’s IQ, the researchers selected a sample of children at random. He informed the teachers that these were children of high academic potential. Following the test, the teachers were given the names of the ‘intellectual bloomers,’ but no scores were disclosed. At the end of the school year, all the students retook the test. While the overall scores had risen, the so called ‘intellectual bloomers’ had improved the most because of the teachers' efforts and the attention they got from them. The evidence seemed to indicate that the teachers’ expectations had an impact on the student outcomes, especially in the younger students. A similar process works in the opposite direction in the case of low expectations. The idea of the Pygmalion effect can be applied in many situations. Our beliefs about others can lead us to treat them in such a way that they subsequently start behaving in accordance with our beliefs. |
Identify and explain the source of prejudice which leads students to perform poorly.
Concept: Prejudice and Discrimination
Read the case and answer the questions that follow.
| The Pygmalion effect, or Rosenthal effect, is a psychological phenomenon in which high expectations lead to improved performance in a given area. The hypothesis was that expectations can influence performance. Robert Rosenthal chose an elementary school in California for his study and having tested all the children’s IQ, the researchers selected a sample of children at random. He informed the teachers that these were children of high academic potential. Following the test, the teachers were given the names of the ‘intellectual bloomers,’ but no scores were disclosed. At the end of the school year, all the students retook the test. While the overall scores had risen, the so called ‘intellectual bloomers’ had improved the most because of the teachers' efforts and the attention they got from them. The evidence seemed to indicate that the teachers’ expectations had an impact on the student outcomes, especially in the younger students. A similar process works in the opposite direction in the case of low expectations. The idea of the Pygmalion effect can be applied in many situations. Our beliefs about others can lead us to treat them in such a way that they subsequently start behaving in accordance with our beliefs. |
Explain the cognitive and behavioural components of the teachers’ attitude towards the ‘intellectual bloomers’ in the Rosenthal study.
Concept: Nature and Components of Attitudes
A working group was formed to organise the annual sports competition in a school. At a particular stage, there was a lot of conflict in the group. Identify this stage and the stage that is likely to follow it.
Concept: Formation of Groups
