A flower that does not have a stalk and is directly attached to the stem is called a sessile flower.
Definitions [7]
Definition: Bisexual Flower
A flower that has both androecium (male part) and gynoecium (female part) in the same flower is called a bisexual flower.
Example: Hibiscus
Definition: Sessile Flower
Definition: Unisexual Flower
A flower that has only one reproductive whorl (either androecium or gynoecium) is called a unisexual flower.
- If it has only androecium: male flower
- If it has only gynoecium: female flower
Example: Papaya
Definition: Pedicellate Flower
A flower that has a stalk called pedicel for support is called a pedicellate flower.
Define.
Inflorescence
A specialised axis or branch over which flowers are produced or borne in definite manner is known as inflorescence.
Define Pollination.
Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to stigma is called pollination.
Definition: Self-pollination
When pollination occurs within the same flower or between two flowers on the same plant, it is called self-pollination.
or
Transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same flower or another flower on the same plant is said to be self~pollination.
Key Points
Key Points: Types of Flowers
| Basis of Classification | Type | Key Features | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| Presence of whorls | Complete | All four whorls present | Hibiscus, Mustard |
| Presence of whorls | Incomplete | One or more whorls absent | Maize, Papaya |
| Essential whorls | Neuter | Androecium and gynoecium absent | Ray florets of sunflower |
| Sex organs | Perfect (Bisexual) | Both androecium and gynoecium present | Hibiscus, Mustard |
| Sex organs | Imperfect (Unisexual) | Either androecium or gynoecium present | Papaya, Cucumber |
| Distribution of sex | Monoecious | Male and female flowers on same plant | Maize, Cucurbits, Coconut |
| Distribution of sex | Dioecious | Male and female flowers on different plants | Papaya, Date palm |
| Distribution of sex | Polygamous | Bisexual and unisexual flowers on same plant | Cotton, Sunflower |
| Position of ovary | Hypogynous | Ovary superior | Mustard, Tomato |
| Position of ovary | Perigynous | Ovary semi-inferior | Rose, Peach, Strawberry |
| Position of ovary | Epigynous | Ovary inferior | Cucumber, Apple |
Key Points: Sexual Reproduction in Plants
- Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes from two parents to form a diploid zygote.
- A flower is the reproductive structure in plants that produces gametes and enables fertilisation.
- A flower has four whorls: calyx, corolla, androecium (male), and gynoecium (female).
- It includes meiosis for gamete formation and fertilisation, producing genetically different offspring.
- Sexual reproduction occurs in three stages: pre-fertilisation, fertilisation, and post-fertilisation.
