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Question
Why the first ionisation enthalpy of sodium is lower than that of magnesium while its second ionisation enthalpy is higher than that of magnesium?
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Solution
The first ionization enthalpy of magnesium is higher than that of Na due to the higher nuclear charge and slightly smaller atomic radius of Mg than Na. After the loss of the first electron, Na+ formed has the electronic configuration of neon (2, 8). The higher stability of the completely filled noble gas configuration leads to a very high second ionization enthalpy for sodium. On the other hand, Mg+ formed after losing the first electron still has one more electron in its outermost (3s) orbital. As a result, the second ionization enthalpy of magnesium is much smaller than that of sodium.
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