Question

Variable oxidation states are shown both by representative elements and transition elements. How is the behaviour different for the two groups? Illustrate with one example in each case.

Answer 1

1. Transition elements show a wide range of oxidation states differing by 1 unit, due to the involvement of both ns and (n − 1)d electrons.
2. Representative elements (main group) show fewer oxidation states with a difference of 2 units, mainly involving ns and np electrons.
3. Example of transition element: Manganese shows +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, and +7 oxidation states.
4. Example of representative element: Chlorine shows -1, +1, +3, +5, +7 oxidation states.

Thus, transition elements have more continuous and varied oxidation states, while representative elements have selective and broader interval variations.