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Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary EducationHSC Science Class 12

The prices of three commodities A, B and C are ₹ x, y and z per units respectively. A person P purchases 4 units of B and sells two units of A and 5 units of C. Person Q - Mathematics

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Question

The prices of three commodities A, B and C are ₹ x, y and z per units respectively. A person P purchases 4 units of B and sells two units of A and 5 units of C. Person Q purchases 2 units of C and sells 3 units of A and one unit of B . Person R purchases one unit of A and sells 3 unit of B and one unit of C. In the process, P, Q and R earn ₹ 15,000, ₹ 1,000 and ₹ 4,000 respectively. Find the prices per unit of A, B and C. (Use matrix inversion method to solve the problem.)

Sum
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Solution

Let x, y, z are commodities of A, B, C

2x – 4y + 5z = 15000  ..........(1)

3x + y – 2z = 1000   ..........(2)

– x + 3y + z = 4000   ..........(3)

Matrix form `[(2, -4, 5),(3, 1, -2),(-1, 3, 1)] [(x),(y),(z)] = [(15000),(1000),(4000)]`

AX = B

X = `"A"^-1"B"`

A = `[(2, -4, 5),(3, 1, -2),(-1, 3, 1)]`

|A| = 2(1 + 6)+ 4(3 – 2) + 5(9 + 1)

= 2(7) + 4(1) + 5(10)

= 14 + 4 + 50

= 68

≠ 0 A-1 exists.

adj A = `[(+(1 + 6), -(3 - 2), +(9 + 1)),(-(-4 - 15), +(2 + 5), -(6 - 4)),(+(8 - 5), -(-4 - 15), +(2 + 12))]^"T"`

= `[(7, -1, 10),(19, 7, -2),(3, 19, 14)]^"T"`

= `[(7, 19, 3),(-1, 7, 19),(10, -2, 14)]`

A–1 = `1/|"A"|`

adj A = `1/68 [(7, 19, 3),(-1, 7, 19),(10, -2, 14)]`

X = `"A"^-1"B"`

`[(x),(y),(z)] = 1/68[(7, 19, 3),(-1, 7, 19),(10, -2, 14)][(15000),(1000),(4000)]`

= `1/68[(105000 + 19000 + 12000),(-15000 + 7000 + 76000),(150000 - 2000 + 56000)]`

= `1/68[(136000),(68000),(204000)]`

`[(x),(y),(z)] = [(2000),(1000),(3000)]`

x = ₹ 2000, y = ₹ 1000, z = ₹ 3000

The prices per unit of A, B, and C are ₹ 2000, ₹ 1000, ₹ 3000

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Applications of Matrices: Solving System of Linear Equations
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Chapter 1: Applications of Matrices and Determinants - Exercise 1.3 [Page 33]

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Samacheer Kalvi Mathematics - Volume 1 and 2 [English] Class 12 TN Board
Chapter 1 Applications of Matrices and Determinants
Exercise 1.3 | Q 5 | Page 33

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