Question

Read the following source and answer the questions that follow:

The Independence Day Pledge, 26 January 1930 “We believe that it is the inalienable right of the Indian people, as of any other people, have freedom and to enjoy the fruits of their toil and have the necessities of life, so that they may have full opportunities of growth. We also believe that if any government deprives people of these rights and oppresses them, the people have a further right to alter it or abolish it. The British Government in India has not only deprived the Indian people of their freedom but based itself on the exploitation of the masses and has ruined India economically, politically, culturally and spiritually. We believe, therefore, that India must sever the British connection and attain Purna Swaraj or Complete Independence.”

1. Why was Swaraj considered as an inalienable right of the India?    [1]
2. Which type of government is supported in the source?    [1]
3. Explain any two effects of British rule in India.    [2]

Answer 1

1. Swaraj was regarded as an inalienable right of Indians, providing freedom, access to essentials, and the opportunity to enjoy the rewards of their labour. It provided people with a complete opportunity for growth, promoting self-rule and dignity.
2. The source advocates for a democratic and self-governing government, where individuals have the right to freedom, self-rule (Swaraj), and participation in governance, free from British colonial oppression.
3. 1. Economic Exploitation: British policies led to deindustrialization, heavy taxation, and the drain of wealth to Britain, impoverishing Indian farmers and artisans.
   2. Political Control: The British denied Indians political rights, imposed repressive laws, and prioritised British interests, leading to growing nationalist movements.