Question

Swati is a sixteen year old student who spends most of her time in studying. She often complains of lower back pain and neck ache after long hours of study. Her parents take her to a doctor who observes that:

• her shoulder looks depressed towards her body.
• her neck has curved downward.
• her lumber region is slightly arched.

The doctor warns Swati and her parents that it might lead to a postural deformity.

Name and explain the postural deformity that Swati’s bodily condition might lead to.

Suggest any three corrective measures to prevent such deformity.

Answer 1

Swati is developing thoracic hyperkyphosis often accompanied by compensatory lumbar hyperlordosis. This is an exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic spine with drooped head and rounded shoulders; the lumbar spine may increase its inward curve to keep balance.

• Prolonged forward‑leaning study positions, weak thoracic extensor and scapular‑retractor muscles, tight chest muscles, and poor abdominal support encourage thoracic flexion and a forward head; these same habits can allow the lumbar curve to increase as a compensation.
• Faulty sitting, poor furniture/desk height and heavy backpacks also contribute. 

Three corrective measures (practical, evidence‑based steps):

1. Improve study ergonomics and break habits: Use a chair with lumbar support, keep feet flat and knees 90°, bring reading material 30 cm from the eyes, and keep forearms supported on the desk. Change position regularly (stand/walk every 30–45 minutes).
2. Targeted exercise program (daily): Strengthen thoracic extensors and scapular retractors (scapular squeezes/rows, prone T/Y raises, swimming), and strengthen the abdominals and gluteals (planks, bridging) to control pelvis position. Stretch the pectoral muscles and anterior shoulder/hip‑flexors to reduce forward pull. Yoga thoracic‑extension poses such as Bhujangasana and Chakrasana may help as adjuncts. Have exercises prescribed or supervised initially by a physiotherapist.
3. Reduce load and modify daily factors: Avoid heavy backpacks (use two straps, lighten load), improve classroom/furniture fit, encourage regular physical activity (sports, swimming) and adequate rest. Addressing these habits early prevents the deformity from becoming fixed.