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Show that the Vectors → a , → B , → C Are Coplanar If and Only If → a + → B , → B + → C and → C + → a Are Coplanar. - Mathematics

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Question

Show that the vectors \[\vec{a,} \vec{b,} \vec{c}\] are coplanar if and only if \[\vec{a} + \vec{b}\], \[\vec{b} + \vec{c}\] and \[\vec{c} + \vec{a}\] are coplanar.

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Solution

Consider,

\[\left[ \left( \vec{a} + \vec{b} \right) \left( \vec{b} + \vec{c} \right) \left( \vec{c} + \vec{a} \right) \right] = \left( \vec{a} + \vec{b} \right) . \left\{ \left( \vec{b} + \vec{c} \right) \times \left( \vec{c} + \vec{a} \right) \right\} \]

\[ = \left( \vec{a} + \vec{b} \right) . \left( \vec{b} \times \vec{c} + \vec{b} \times \vec{a} + \vec{c} \times \vec{c} + \vec{c} + \vec{a} \right)\]

\[ = \left( \vec{a} + \vec{b} \right) . \left( \vec{b} \times \vec{c} + \vec{b} \times \vec{a} + \vec{c} \times \vec{a} \right) ( \because \vec{c} \times \vec{c} = \vec{0} )\]

\[ = \vec{a} . \left( \vec{b} \times \vec{c} \right) + \vec{a} . \left( \vec{b} \times \vec{a} \right) + \vec{a} . \left( \vec{c} \times \vec{a} \right) + \vec{b} . \left( \vec{b} \times \vec{c} \right) + \vec{b} . \left( \vec{b} \times \vec{a} \right) + \vec{b} . \left( \vec{c} \times \vec{a} \right)\]

\[ = \vec{a} . \left( \vec{b} \times \vec{c} \right) + \vec{b} . \left( \vec{c} \times \vec{a} \right)\]

\[ = \left[ \vec{a} \vec{b} \vec{c} \right] + \left[ \vec{b} \vec{c} \vec{a} \right]\]

\[ = 2\left[ \vec{a} \vec{b} \vec{c} \right]\]

Now, we can see that

\[\left[ ( \vec{a} + \vec{b} ) ( \vec{b} + \vec{c} ) ( \vec{c} + \vec{a} ) \right] = 2\left[ \vec{a} \vec{b} \vec{c} \right]\]

Hence, the vectors

\[\vec{a} , \vec{b} , \vec{c}\] are coplanar if and only if \[\vec{a} + \vec{b} , \vec{b} + \vec{c} , \vec{c} + \vec{a}\]are coplanar.

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2013-2014 (March) Foreign Set 1

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