Question

Mention any three characteristics of an ideal solution.

What are the characteristics of an ideal solution?

Mention the characteristics of an ideal solution.

Answer 1

1. Solution and its components obey Raoult’s law: Raoult’s law is followed by the solution itself as well as by every element that makes up an ideal solution. If two liquids, A and B, combine to create the perfect solution, then
   \[\ce{P_A = P{^{\circ}_{A}}\chi_A}\], \[\ce{P_B = P{^{\circ}_{B}}\chi_B}\]
   and P = P_A + P_B = \[\ce{P{^{\circ}_{A}}\chi_A + P{^{\circ}_{B}}\chi_B}\]
   
2. The change in volume on mixing is zero: An ideal solution obeys the additivity rule, which states that the volume of the solution as a whole equals the sum of the volumes of its constituent parts. In theory, a component’s partial molar volume in a solution is equivalent to its molar volume in a pure form at the same pressure and temperature. As a result, when the components are mixed, the volume won’t change, i.e.,
   `Delta V_"mixing" = 0`
   The nature of molecular interaction forces remains largely unchanged when the components of an ideal solution are combined.
3. The change in enthalpy on mixing is zero: When the components for forming an ideal solution are mixed together, no heat is evolved or absorbed, and the enthalpy of the system remains constant. Thus, there is no change in enthalpy on mixing the components of an ideal solution, i.e.,
   `Delta H_"mixing" = 0`
   This is again because the nature of the molecular interaction forces does not alter much when the components that make up an ideal solution are mixed. As a result, no heat is generated or absorbed when the solution is formed.