Question

How far do you agree with the phenomenon concept of inert pair effect? Justify your answer.

Answer 1

1. The inert pair effect is the tendency of the outermost s-electrons (ns²) in heavier p-block elements to remain non-bonding or inert.
2. It explains why elements like Sb and Bi favour the +3 oxidation state over +5 as we move down the group.
3. This occurs due to increased nuclear charge and poor shielding, making s-electrons harder to lose.
4. The effect reduces the stability of higher oxidation states and influences properties like melting points.
5. Though useful, it is a simplified concept; other factors like relativistic effects also play a role.