Question

Give the important chemical characteristics of halogens.

Answer 1

1. Electronic configuration: Halogens have ns² np⁵ configuration, needing one electron to complete their octet.
2. High electronegativity: They are highly electronegative and strong oxidising agents, with fluorine being the most electronegative.
3. Reactivity: Very reactive non-metals; reactivity decreases down the group.
4. Electron gain enthalpy: They have high negative electron gain enthalpy values, favouring electron gain.
5. Oxidation states: Except for fluorine (only −1), other halogens exhibit multiple oxidation states (−1, +1, +3, +5, +7).
6. Ionisation energy: High but decreases down the group; iodine exhibits slight metallic character.
7. Bond dissociation energy: Halogen molecules have low dissociation energy, aiding reactivity.