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Question
Give balanced equations to show how permanent hardness in water can be removed by addition of washing soda.
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Solution
Removal of permanent hardness in water by adding washing soda : CaCl2 or CaSO4 present in permanent hard water exchanges the ions and forms CaCO3 which being in soluble can be filtered.
\[\ce{\underset{\text{Washing soda}}{Na2CO3} + \underset{\text{Present in hard work}}{CaSO4} -> CaCO3↓ + Na2SO4}\]
\[\ce{Na2CO3 + CaCl2 -> CaCO3↓ + 2NaCl}\]
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