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Question
Explain the preparation of the following compound.
Chloroform
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Solution
Chloroform is prepared in the laboratory by the reaction between ethyl alcohol with bleaching powder followed by the distillation of the product chloroform. Bleaching powder act as a source of chlorine and calcium hydroxide. This reaction is called the haloform reaction. The reaction proceeds in three steps as shown below.
Step – 1: Oxidation
\[\ce{\underset{\text{Ethyl alcohol}}{CH3CH2OH} + Cl2 -> \underset{\text{Acetaldehyde}}{CH3 CHO +}2HCl}\]
Step – 2: Chlorination
\[\ce{\underset{\text{Acetaldehyde}}{CH3 CHO +} 3Cl2 -> \underset{\text{Trichloro acetaldehyde}}{CCl3 CHO +} 3HCl}\]
Step – 3: Hydrolysis
\[\ce{\underset{\text{Chloral}}{2CCl3CHO} + Ca(OH)2 ->\underset{\text{chloroform}}{2CHCl3} + (HCOO)2Ca}\]
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