Question

Explain interstitial compounds with reference to transition metals.

Answer 1

1. Interstitial compounds are formed when small atoms like H, C, N, or B get trapped inside the crystal lattice of transition metals.
2. These small atoms occupy the vacant spaces (interstices) in the metal lattice, resulting in hard and rigid compounds.
3. The chemical behavior of the parent transition metal remains unchanged, but physical properties like hardness, density, and electrical conductivity are altered.
4. Examples include steel and cast iron, where carbon occupies interstices in iron.
5. Such compounds have high melting points, high hardness, metal-like conductivity, and are chemically inert.