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Question
Answer the following:
Explain the atom economy with a suitable example.
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Solution
Atom economy:
a. Atom economy is a measure of the number of atoms from the starting materials that are present in the useful products at the end of the chemical process.
b. Good atom economy means most of the atoms of the reactants are incorporated in the desired products and only small amounts of unwanted by-products are formed and hence lesser problems of waste disposal.
Illustration: The concept of the atom economy gives the measure of the unwanted product produced in a particular reaction.
% atom economy = `" Formula weight of the desired product"/"Sum of formula weight of all the reactants used in the reaction" xx 100`
For example: Conversion of Butan-1-ol to 1-bromobutane
\[\ce{CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + NaBr + H2SO4 -> CH3CH2CH2CH2Br + NaHSO4 + H2O}\]
% atom economy = `("mass of" (4"C" + 9"H" + 1"Br") "atoms")/("mass of" (4"C" + 12"H" + 5"O" + 1"Br" + 1"Na" + 1"S") "atoms") xx 100`
= `(137 "u")/(275 "u") xx 100 = 49.81%`
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