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`A=[[2,0,1],[2,1,3],[1,-1,0]]` , Find A2 − 5a + 4i And Hence Find a Matrix X Such That A2 − 5a + 4i + X = 0. - Mathematics

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Question

`A=[[2,0,1],[2,1,3],[1,-1,0]]` , find A2 − 5A + 4I and hence find a matrix X such that A2 − 5A + 4I + = 0.

 
Sum
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Solution

Given: 

\[A = \begin{bmatrix}2 & 0 & 1 \\ 2 & 1 & 3 \\ 1 & - 1 & 0\end{bmatrix}\]\[A^2 = \begin{bmatrix}2 & 0 & 1 \\ 2 & 1 & 3 \\ 1 & - 1 & 0\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix}2 & 0 & 1 \\ 2 & 1 & 3 \\ 1 & - 1 & 0\end{bmatrix}\]
\[ = \begin{bmatrix}4 + 0 + 1 & 0 + 0 - 1 & 2 + 0 + 0 \\ 4 + 2 + 3 & 0 + 1 - 3 & 2 + 3 + 0 \\ 2 - 2 + 0 & 0 - 1 - 0 & 1 - 3 + 0\end{bmatrix}\]
\[ = \begin{bmatrix}5 & - 1 & 2 \\ 9 & - 2 & 5 \\ 0 & - 1 & - 2\end{bmatrix}\]

Now,

\[A^2 - 5A + 4I = \begin{bmatrix}5 & - 1 & 2 \\ 9 & - 2 & 5 \\ 0 & - 1 & - 2\end{bmatrix} - 5\begin{bmatrix}2 & 0 & 1 \\ 2 & 1 & 3 \\ 1 & - 1 & 0\end{bmatrix} + 4\begin{bmatrix}1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1\end{bmatrix}\]
\[ = \begin{bmatrix}5 - 10 + 4 & - 1 - 0 + 0 & 2 - 5 + 0 \\ 9 - 10 + 0 & - 2 - 5 + 4 & 5 - 15 + 0 \\ 0 - 5 + 0 & - 1 + 5 + 0 & - 2 - 0 + 4\end{bmatrix}\]
\[ = \begin{bmatrix}- 1 & - 1 & - 3 \\ - 1 & - 3 & - 10 \\ - 5 & 4 & 2\end{bmatrix}\]\

Now,   A2 − 5A + 4I + = 0
⇒ = −(A2 − 5A + 4I)

∴ `X =[[ -  1  - 1  - 3] ,[- 1  - 3 - 10],[- 5     4           2]]`
`=[[1            1               3] ,[ 1         3              10], [ 5    -4       - 2]]`

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Chapter 5: Algebra of Matrices - Exercise 5.3 [Page 45]

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RD Sharma Mathematics [English] Class 12
Chapter 5 Algebra of Matrices
Exercise 5.3 | Q 55 | Page 45
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