Sarita Aggarwal solutions for बायोलॉजी [इंग्रजी] इयत्ता १२ आईएससी chapter 1 - Reproduction in Organisms [Latest edition]

In Bryophyllum the vegetative propagation is by ______.

A flower that has only stamens is called ______.

A flower having both stamens and carpels is ______.

The offspring produced through which of the following process are not exactly similar to their parents?

Which of the following plants can be vegetatively propagated by leaf?

The technique of obtaining a large number of plantlets by tissue culture method is called ______.

Which one group of plants is propagated through underground roots?

A scion is grafted to a stock. The quality of fruits produced will be 9. determined by the genotype of ______.

The living organisms can be unexceptionally distinguished from the non-living things on the basis of their ability for ______.

Which of the following is not an artificial method of propagation?

A small piece of tissue taken from the shoot tip during tissue culture is called ______.

When a plant bears either male or female reproductive organs, it is called ______.

Vegetative propagation in potato occurs by ______.

Pistia (water lettuce) is an example of the following sub-aerial stems.

Which of the following statement is true for meiocytes?

Life span of a horse is about ______ year.

Reproduction in Chlamydomonas by spores is called ______.

Ginger reproduces vegetatively by ______.

During grafting ______ is generally of good absorbing capacity and disease resistant variety.

A plant bearing both male and female flowers is called ______ plant.

______ is the development of fruit from an unfertilised flower, resulting in seedless fruit.

The specialised cells that are gamete mother cells are also called ______.

Antherozoid is another name for ______.

As the ovary matures, ovules develop into ______ and zygote into ______.

A plant part detached from the plant and used for the plant culture is called ______.

In ______ a single cell organism reproduces by splitting into two.

______ is a technique for producing genetically identical individuals from a single cell.

A period of growth from birth till organism attains maturity is called ______.

Cyclic changes that occur in females of non-primate mammals is called ______ cycle.

______ are haploid individuals that develop from the unfertilised ova by parthenogenesis.

State whether the following is true or false.

During grafting, the stock is a bud or a cutting of a plant with desirable variety.

State whether the following is true or false.

Clones can be produced by sexual reproduction.

State whether the following is true or false.

Fungi Rhizopus reproduces by sporangiospores.

State whether the following is true or false.

Meiocytes as well as gametes are haploid in nature.

State whether the following is true or false.

In a plant, an ovule develops into a seed and zygote into an embryo.

Match the following

Answer the following in one or two words.

Asexual reproduction in which a new individual arises as an outgrowth from the parent body.

Answer the following in one or two words.

Type of non-motile spores formed in Penicillium.

Answer the following in one or two words.

In grafting, the part that forms the desirable variety of fruit or flower.

Answer the following in one or two words.

A term given to unorganised mass of cells in micropropagation.

Answer the following in one or two words.

A process of formation of gametes.

Answer the following in one or two words.

Gametes that are morphologically different.

Answer the following in one or two words.

Animals that give birth to young ones.

Answer the following in one or two words.

The ability of cell to divide into several cells during reproduction in Plasmodium.

Answer the following in one or two words.

A species of bamboo that shows flowering only once in their lifetime, generally 50–100 years.

Answer the following in one or two words.

Process of development of embryo from the zygote.

Assertion (A): Algae and fungi shift to asexual method of reproduction before the onset of adverse conditions.

Reason (R): Asexual reproduction leads to the formation of many clones with some variations.

Assertion (A): Specialised plant structures such as rhizomes, tubers, corms, bulbs, etc., are excellent methods of asexual reproduction.

Reason (R): These are common means of propagation in a number of plants.

Assertion (A): Leaves of Bryophyllum, and Begonia help in vegetative propagation.

Reason (R): Leaves of these plants possess adventitious buds.

Assertion (A): Isogametes are formed in majority of sexually reproducing organisms.

Reason (R): Morphologically distinct type of gametes are called isogametes.

Assertion (A): Unisexual flowers are either staminate or pistillate.

Reason (R): They are found in monoecious as well as dioecious plants.

Assertion (A): Organisms that exhibit external fertilisation, produce a large number of gametes.

Reason (R): It helps to increase the chances of syngamy and produce a large number of offsprings to ensure survival.

Assertion (A): Zygote is a link between the two generations.

Reason (R): Zygote is a product of two gametes.

Assertion (A): Cucurbita is a dioecious plant.

Reason (R): Both male and female flowers are present on different plants.

Assertion (A): In flowering plants, the zygote is formed inside the ovule.

Reason (R): Zygote is formed by the fusion of a male and a female gamete.

Assertion (A): In flowering plants, ovary matures into fruit and embryo sac into seeds.

Reason (R): Ovules contain the seeds which have the next generation, the embryo inside.

Read the sources given and answer any four from the questions given below:

1. The embryos of these animals are comparatively safe from environmental factors.
   1. viviparous animals
   2. oviparous animals
   3. egg-laying animals
   4. embryonic animals
2. Viviparous animals are the ones which
   1. lay eggs without embryos
   2. lay eggs with embryos
   3. give birth to young ones
   4. keep eggs in a pouch
3. In oviparous animals the fertilisation is
   1. always external
   2. always internal
   3. can be external or internal
   4. in water
4. The development of embryo in viviparous animals occurs in the
   1. ovary
   2. uterus
   3. ureter
   4. embryo pouch
5. Which statement is true for oviparous animals?
   1. eggs are laid in the sand
   2. eggs are laid in the uterus
   3. nourishment is provided by the mother
   4. eggs are laid outside the body

Read the sources given and answer any four from the questions given below:

1. An important feature of sexual reproduction is
   1. strong individuals
   2. new variations in offsprings
   3. juvenile phase leading to death
   4. offsprings susceptible to environment
2. Variations help the evolution of a species in the following way
   1. offsprings produced are stronger
   2. make asexually producing individuals stronger
   3. species has better chances of survival
   4. produce different types of asexual organisms
3. The three important phases of sexually reproducing animals in a sequence are
   1. reproductive-juvenile-ageing
   2. juvenile-reproductive-ageing
   3. ageing-reproductive-juvenile
   4. reproductive-ageing-juvenile
4. Following type of individuals are more susceptible to changes in the environment
   1. formed as result of sexual reproduction
   2. individuals with more variations
   3. genetically different individuals
   4. formed as a result of asexual reproduction
5. Organisms exhibiting asexual reproduction are
   1. genetically identical
   2. strong genetically
   3. have a reproductive phase
   4. haploid

Read the sources given and answer any four from the questions given below:

1. When the gametes are morphologically different, they are called
   1. isogametes
   2. anisogametes
   3. homogametes
   4. both isogametes and homogametes
2. A male gamete that differs from a female gamete is
   1. bigger than female gamete
   2. diploid
   3. called antherozoid
   4. undergoes DNA replication twice
3. Meiocytes are the special cells which are
   1. also called gamete mother cells
   2. also called gametes
   3. haploid
   4. also called heterogametes
4. Which of the following statements is not true of meiosis?
   1. cells undergo two successive nuclear divisions
   2. the chromosome number is halved
   3. haploids produced have only one set of chromosomes
   4. DNA replication occurs twice
5. The process of formation of gametes is called
   1. meiogenesis
   2. gametogenesis
   3. heterogenetic
   4. meiocytes

Define lifespan.

What is senescence?

Name two plants that show vegetative propagation by roots.

Name two plants that show vegetative propagation by stems.

Name a plant that propagates by leaves.

Which kind of vegetative propagation takes place in lemon or a guava plant?

How does water hyacinth propagate vegetatively?

What is syngamy?

What is external fertilisation?

Give two examples where external fertilisation occurs.

Where does the development of an organism take place in viviparous animals?

What is parthenogenesis?

What do you understand by the term callus?

How does Bryophyllum propagate naturally?

What are meiocytes?

State the number of chromosomes present as haploid or diploid in meiocytes.

State the number of chromosomes present as haploid or diploid in ova (egg cell).

What is the function of gemmules in sponges?

List the main stages during the lifespan of an organism.

Give four important characteristic features of asexual reproduction.

What is sporulation?

Name the types of spores formed in different organisms.

What is vegetative propagation?

Give two natural methods of propagation with one example of each.

What is a clone?

Why do organisms formed by asexual reproduction have remarkable similarity?

What is the importance of meiosis during sexual reproduction? Where does this division occur in organisms?

Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination.

What are scion and stock? Which one should have a strong root system?

Give two significance of vegetative propagation.

How do the following propagate naturally?

Bryophyllum

How do the following propagate naturally?

Ginger

How do the following propagate naturally?

Grass

How do the following propagate naturally?

Chrysanthemum

State the number of chromosomes present as haploid or diploid in meiocytes.

State the number of chromosomes present as haploid or diploid in gametes.

State the number of chromosomes present as haploid or diploid in zygote.

State the number of chromosomes present as haploid or diploid in ova (egg cell).

Name the organisms which reproduce by conidia.

Name the organisms which reproduce by sporangiospores.

What is gametogenesis?

Where does gametogenesis occur in the body?

What are the advantages of tissue culture?

Give two disadvantages of micropropagation.

Name various stages in a sequence during life span. Give one characteristic feature of each one.

Define the following mode of reproduction and give one example.

Multiple fission

Define the following mode of reproduction and give one example.

Exogenous

Define the following mode of reproduction and give one example.

Budding

Define the following mode of reproduction and give one example.

Fragmentation

Name the part that undergoes vegetative propagation in the following. Give one example.

Rhizome

Name the part that undergoes vegetative propagation in the following. Give one example.

Runner

Name the part that undergoes vegetative propagation in the following. Give one example.

Bulbil

How does the vegetative propagation occur in the following flowering plant?

Tulips

How does the vegetative propagation occur in the following flowering plant?

Chrysanthemum

How does the vegetative propagation occur in the following flowering plant?

Jasmine

Give three main advantages of vegetative propagation.

State two disadvantages of vegetative propagation?

Define the important events during sexual reproduction in the correct sequence.

Define the following term. Give an example.

Bisexual animals

Define the following term. Give an example.

Unisexual plants

Define the following term. Give an example.

Isogamy

Differentiate between the following:

External fertilisation and Internal fertilisation.

Name the type of fertilisation that occurs in frog.

Name the type of fertilisation that occurs in hen.

Reorganise the following terms in correct sequence during tissue culture. Callus, plantlets, explants, shoot tip, pots.

What are the advantages of tissue culture?

Define the following term:

Oviparous

Define the following:
Parthenogenesis 

Define the following term:

Micropropagation

Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction.

Distinguish between the following.

Binary fission and Multiple fission

Differentiate between the following:

Scion and stock

Differentiate between the following:

Unisexual and bisexual organisms

Differentiate between the following:

Microgamete and macrogamete

Differentiate between gametogenesis from embryogenesis.

Differentiate between internal fertilization and external fertilization.

Differentiate between the following:

Isogamete and anisogamete

List important characteristics of asexual reproduction.

How does binary fission occur in Amoeba?

What are the important characteristics of vegetative propagation?

Explain vegetative propagation by rhizome.

Why is water hyacinth called the 'Terror of Bengal'?

List two advantages of vegetative propagation.

State two disadvantages of vegetative propagation?

Discuss various modes of artificial vegetative propagation.

Describe in brief the various special modes of reproduction. Mention their economic significance.  

Explain the post-fertilisation events in an organism.

Explain micropropagation in plants.

How many chromosomes are present in male gamete of a rat?

Name the vegetative propagule in the following:

Bryophyllum

How is the chromosome number maintained in sexually reproducing organisms?

What is a clone?

How many chromosomes are present in meiocytes of a fruit fly?

Give a significant point of difference between the oestrous and menstrual cycles.

Name a plant which flowers every twelve years.

If the haploid number of chromosomes in a plant species is 20, how many chromosomes will be present in the cells of the shoot tip?

Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction.

What are seasonal breeders?

Give an example of seasonal breeders?