Sarita Aggarwal solutions for बायोलॉजी [इंग्रजी] इयत्ता १२ आईएससी chapter 10 - Human Health and Diseases [Latest edition]

Which of the following is a part of the innate (non-specific) immunity?

Which of the following is not a component of innate immunity?

The word pathogen refers to a ______.

Histamines are released from ______.

Natural killer cells destroy the target cell by ______.

One of the unique features of adaptive immunity is ______.

Both B-cells and T-cells are derived from __________.

The function of helper T-cell is to ______.

Special proteins released by a viral infeced cell are called ______.

Cell-mediated immunity involves ______.

The most abundant immunoglobulin class is of ______.

The secondary immune response is due to ______.

The primary lymphoid organ is ______.

Secondary lymphoid organ is ______.

What did Dr. Jenner inoculated in the boy for the first time?

A person without thymus would not be able to ______.

The antigen-antibody reaction during allergies releases ______.

The following disease is an autoimmune disease.

HIV selectively infects and kills ______.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) contains ______.

Which of the following diseases can be contracted by droplet infection?

Pyrogens are the chemicals released by ______.

The term allergens refers to ______.

AIDS from an infected person can be caused by ______.

The interferons make the cells resistant to ______.

Which of the following disease is caused by a virus?

Which one of the following diseases spreads by the droplet infection?

The causative organism of AIDS is ______.

Malaria is caused by ______.

The disease ringworm is caused by ______.

Cancer that affect and arise in the mesodermal tissue are called ______.

Leukemia is often referred to as ______.

Agents that produce cancers are called ______.

HIV causes ______.

HIV that causes AIDS first starts destroying ______

Passive immunity can be obtained through ______.

Active immunity is related to ______.

Filariastis is caused by ______.

Intrerferons are ______.

Transplantation of tissues/organs fails often due to non-acceptance by the patient's body. Which type of immune-response is responsible for such rejections?

In which disease does mosquito transmitted pathogen cause chronic inflammation of lymphatic vessels?

Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease?

Which of the following immune responses is responsible for rejection of kidney graft?

Certain cells when infected with a virus, respond by releasing ______ that make other cells resistant to viral infections.

______ are large irregular-shaped cells that engulf microbes, viruses and cell debris.

Natural killer cells kill virus-infected cells by creating ______ in the plasma membrane of the target cells.

Specific immunity has two major group of cells. These are ______ and ______.

T cells mature in ______.

Each immunoglobulin (Ig) is made of 4 polypeptide chains. Two long chains called ______ and two short chains called ______.

Substances like dust, pollens and certain foods that cause allergies are called ______.

______ is caused by antibodies that attack the myelin sheath of nerve cells.

State whether the following is true or false.

Dengue is caused by the bite of female Anopheles mosquito which breeds in clean water.

State whether the following is true or false.

Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted by the bite of an infected Aedes aegypti.

State whether the following is true or false.

Ringworm is a common fungal infection and is highly contagious.

State whether the following is true or false.

Natural killer cells kill the infected cell by creating a large pore in the membrane of the cell.

State whether the following is true or false.

An immunoglobulin is made up of two short polypeptides called heavy chains and two long polypeptides called light chains.

State whether the following is true or false.

Mast cells release pyrogens which cause itching of the skin in allergy.

State whether the following is true or false.

HIV has a special enzyme called reverse transcriptase by which it can replicate to produce cDNA in host cell.

State whether the following is true or false.

Sarcomas affect and arise from the epithelial or ectodermal tissue of the organs.

Match terms given in Column I with appropriate terms in Column II

Match terms given in Column I with appropriate terms in Column II

Answer the following in one or two words.

The immunity with which an individual is born and which is always available to protect a living body.

Answer the following in one or two words.

Chemicals released as alarm signals from damaged mast cells of the body.

Answer the following in one or two words.

Process of production of B and T cells in the body.

Answer the following in one or two words.

Sites on the antigens that are recognised by antibodies present on B cells.

Answer the following in one or two words.

Organs where the maturation and proliferation of lymphocytes take place.

Answer the following in one or two words.

Sites where B and T lymphocytes mature.

Answer the following in one or two words.

A cluster of genes in humans that determine the histocompatibility between donor and recipients.

Answer the following in one or two words.

A sudden, violent and fatal reaction caused by an allergen.

Answer the following in one or two words.

Type of cells, HIV selectively infects and kills in the person.

Answer the following in one or two words.

Diseases that result from a defect in one or more components of the innate or adaptive immunity.

Assertion (A): There is no chance of malaria to a man on the bite of male Anopheles mosquito.

Reason (R): It carries a non-virulent strain of Plasmodiuт.

Assertion (A): Escherichia coli and Shigella sp. are all responsible for diarrhoeal diseases.

Reason (R): Dehydration is common to all types of diarrhoeal diseases and adequate supply of fluids and electrolytes should be ensured.

Assertion (A): Plasmodium vivax is responsible for malaria.

Reason (R): Malaria spreads by polluted water.

Assertion (A): Histamine is related with allergic and inflammatory reactions.

Reason (R): Histamine is a vasodilator.

Assertion (A): Organ transplantation patients are given immunosuppressant drugs.

Reason (R): Transplanted tissues have antigens which canstimulate the specific immune response in the recipient.

Assertion: A person who has received a cut from a sharp object and is bleeding, needs to be given an anti-tetanus injection.

Reason: Anti-tetanus injection stimulates the production of antibodies for tetanus.

Assertion (A): Interferons are a type of antibodies produced by the body cells infected by bacteria.

Reason (R): Interferons stimulate inflammation at the site of injury.

Assertion (A): HIV-infected persons are prone to opportunistic diseases.

Reason (R): Immune system weakens during HIV infection.

Assertion (A): Cancer cells are virtually immortal until the body in which they reside dies.

Reason (R): Cancer is caused by damage to genes regulating the cell division cycle.

Read the sources given and answer any four from the questions given below:

1. Which of the following statement is applicable to a retrovirus?\
   1. has DNA as hereditary material
   2. can form RNA from DNA
   3. can form DNA from RNA
   4. both (a) and (b)
2. The type of cells that AIDS virus destroys in the body are
   1. B lymphocytes
   2. thrombocytes
   3. T-helper cells
   4. both (b) and (c)
3. RNA-dependent DNA polymerase can
   1. destroy immune system
   2. form cDNA
   3. copy host DNA
   4. integrate RNA to host DNA
4. Which of the following is true for HIV?
   1. It can carry reverse transcription
   2. It destroys the immune system of body
   3. both (a) and (b)
   4. it causes cancer in the body
5. The following type of DNA is called the cDNA
   1. DNA copy of viral RNA
   2. host DNA
   3. copy of host DNA
   4. both (b) and (c)

Read the sources given and answer any four from the questions given below:

1. B and T lymphocytes originate in the following organs
   1. thymus
   2. bone marrow
   3. primary lymphoid organs
   4. lymph nodes
2. The interaction of lymphocytes with antigens occurs in the
   1. bone marrow
   2. thymus
   3. primary lymphoid organs
   4. secondary lymphoid organs
3. Where is thymus gland present?
   1. lymph nodes
   2. near the heart beneath sternum
   3. above thyroid gland
   4. intestine
4. Function of secondary lymphoid organs is
   1. differentiate in response to specific antigen
   2. B lymphocytes mature
   3. Tlymphocytes mature
   4. both (b) and (c)
5. Following organ is not an example of secondary lymphoid tissue.
   1. spleen
   2. Peyer's patch
   3. lymph nodes
   4. thyroid