NCERT solutions for सोशल सायन्स अंडरस्टॅंडिंग सोसायटी इंडिया अँड बियॉन्ड पार्ट १ [इंग्रजी] इयत्ता ९ chapter 2 - Shaping of the Earth’s Surface [Latest edition]

What shapes the Earth’s surface?

What is plate tectonics?

What are the effects of plate movement?

How are landforms formed and how are they classified?

How are humans and other living beings connected to these landforms?

How do disasters associated with different landforms impact human lives?

Major Plates	North American plate	African plate	Eurasian plate	South American plate
	Indo-Australian plate	Pacific plate	Antarctic plate	Minor Plates

Pick any two plates from the map above and complete the table given below.

Examine the plate map Fig. with the earthquake and volcano map Fig. What correlation do you observe?

Observe the map showing the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes, Fig. Can you identify which continents and countries are located around the Ring of Fire with the help of an atlas or a globe?

Does India have a risk of earthquakes?

India has experienced some major earthquakes in the past, resulting in thousands of deaths. A large earthquake in a densely populated country like India can cause severe damage to life and the environment. Can you find out which region is more vulnerable to earthquakes? Why do you think human lives are at risk?

Look carefully at this photograph and answer the following questions:

• What do you think caused this situation?
• What could that grey powder be?
• What does it tell us about the Earth’s internal forces?

Observe the photographs in the figure and also note the types of erosion. How are farmers affected by erosion due to water and wind?

Have you heard about the Sundarbans delta? Try and explore its uniqueness and find out why it is popular with tourists.

A devastating flood struck the Chamoli district in Uttarakhand in February 2021 in which many people and livestock lost their lives. There was severe damage to buildings, roads, bridges, and hydel projects, and connectivity to villages was adversely affected. Can you find out the reasons that led to the sudden and unexpected flood?

Observe the landforms around your school or residence and try to identify which agent may have created them.

Complete the exercises given at the end of each type of disaster with the help of newspapers, atlases, and books. Make a list of disaster-prone areas from India and the world and enlist mitigation measures quoting recent examples.

What are the sources of energy that are required to cause movements associated with the internal forces of the Earth?

Relate various physiographic divisions you have studied in the earlier grades with various endogenic forces responsible for their origin.

Why and where do earthquakes occur frequently?

“Plate movements are responsible for the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes.” Explain.

Draw and label a diagram of a meander.

Draw and label a diagram of a delta.

How are deforestation and erosion associated with each other? Explain.

Develop a plan to protect the land in your local area from erosion.

Which disasters do you think you might experience in your region? Discuss a mitigation plan in your classroom.

Prepare a model of landforms created by underground water.

What precautionary measures will you take if you are staying in an earthquake-prone region?

Prepare a map showing landform-associated disasters that happened in the current calendar year.

Create a poster showing landforms that are considered to be sacred or important in your region, and add the folk stories associated with them.

Document a case of a disaster that hit your region in the past, highlighting its effects on various human activities.

Translate the given poster on landslide into your native language and display it in your home.

Divide the class into three groups. Each group will work on one project (water, wind, and glacier). The project should highlight the causes, impact on human life and the environment, and mitigation measures.